Oplos Chrisostomos, Eloh Kodjo, Spiroudi Urania-Menkissoglu, Pierluigi Caboni, Ntalli Nikoletta
Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
J Nematol. 2018;50(3):317-328. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-017.
We investigated Solanum nigrum (seeds) and Datura stramonium (shoots) against root-knot nematodes in terms of J2 paralysis and egg hatch inhibition (methanol extract), as well as inhibition of nematode development in host roots (soil amending with either S. nigrum seeds' or D . stramonium shoots' meal). Datura stramonium was found equally effective at inhibiting motility of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica (both EC 50 = 427 μg mL -1 at 3 day), but inhibition occurred more quickly for M. incognita (1 day). Solanum nigrum was faster and more effective at inhibiting motility of M. incognita than M. javanica (EC 50 = 481 and 954 μg mL -1 at 3 day, respectively). Datura stramonium was slower, but eventually more potent in decreasing egg hatch and cell division in M. incognita eggs, than S. nigrum . Specifically, D. stramonium significantly inhibited cell division in eggs immersed in at least 100 and 1 μg mL -1 at Day 6 and 10, respectively. Solanum nigrum impeded cell division in un-differentiated eggs immersed in not less than 10 and 100 μg mL -1 after days 2 and 6, respectively. Both extracts were similar in suppressing J2 exclosure but D. stramonium was effective in smaller test concentrations. Specifically, D. stramonium suppressed J2 emerging from eggs immersed in 10 μg mL -1 at day2, and in at least 1 μg mL -1 at day 6. Solanum nigrum significantly reduced J2 hatch from eggs immersed in a minimum of 100 μg mL -1 at day 2 and not less than 1,000 μg mL -1 at day 6. In pots, powdered S. nigrum seeds meal was more active than D. stramonium and the respective EC 50 females/ g values for M. incognita were 1.13 and 11.4 mg g -1 of soil, respectively. The chemical composition of active extracts was determined after derivatization by GC-MS. Chemical analysis of active extracts showed the presence of fatty acids with known nematicidal activity.
我们研究了龙葵（种子）和曼陀罗（嫩枝）对根结线虫的作用，包括J2麻痹和卵孵化抑制（甲醇提取物），以及对宿主根内线虫发育的抑制作用（用龙葵种子粉或曼陀罗嫩枝粉改良土壤）。结果发现，曼陀罗对南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫运动能力的抑制效果相同（3天时两者的EC50均为427μg mL-1），但对南方根结线虫的抑制作用出现得更快（1天）。龙葵对南方根结线虫运动能力的抑制比爪哇根结线虫更快、更有效（3天时EC50分别为481和954μg mL-1）。曼陀罗在降低南方根结线虫卵孵化和细胞分裂方面比龙葵慢，但最终更有效。具体而言，曼陀罗在第6天和第10天分别显著抑制了至少浸泡在100和1μg mL-1中的卵的细胞分裂。龙葵分别在第2天和第6天后，抑制了浸泡在不少于10和100μg mL-1中的未分化卵的细胞分裂。两种提取物在抑制J2孵化方面相似，但曼陀罗在较低的测试浓度下就有效。具体来说，曼陀罗在第2天抑制了浸泡在10μg mL-1中的卵中J2的孵化，在第6天抑制了至少浸泡在1μg mL-1中的卵中J2的孵化。龙葵在第2天显著降低了浸泡在至少100μg mL-1中的卵中J2的孵化率，在第6天降低了不少于1000μg mL-1中的卵中J2的孵化率。在花盆中，龙葵种子粉比曼陀罗更具活性，南方根结线虫的相应EC50雌性/克土壤值分别为1.13和11.4mg g-1。通过GC-MS衍生化后测定了活性提取物的化学成分。活性提取物的化学分析表明存在具有已知杀线虫活性的脂肪酸。
