Kremer H, Ironson G, Kaplan L
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):368-77. doi: 10.1080/09540120802183479.
We interviewed 147 HIV-positive people regarding their key life-changing experiences - involving profound changes in attitudes, behaviors, beliefs (including spiritual beliefs), or self-views - to determine the prominence of HIV as the key positive/negative turning point. HIV was the key turning point, for 37% (26% positive, 11% negative), whereas for 63% of our sample it was not. Characteristics associated with perceiving HIV as the most positive turning point included having a near-death experience from HIV, increasing spirituality after HIV diagnosis, and feeling chosen by a Higher Powerto have HIV. Notably, perceived antecedents of viewing HIV as the key positive turning point were hitting rock bottom and calling on a Higher Power. Conversely, viewing HIV as the most negative turning point was associated with declining spirituality after diagnosis. Spirituality can both negatively and positively affect coping with HIV. Promoting positive spiritual coping may offer new counseling approaches. Further, for the majority of the participants, HIV is not the key turning point, which may be an indicator of the normalization of HIV with the advent of effective treatment.
我们采访了147名艾滋病毒呈阳性者，询问他们人生中关键的改变经历——包括态度、行为、信仰（包括精神信仰）或自我认知的深刻变化——以确定艾滋病毒作为关键的积极/消极转折点的突出程度。艾滋病毒是关键转折点的占37%（26%为积极，11%为消极），而在我们的样本中，63%的人并非如此。将艾滋病毒视为最积极转折点的相关特征包括有过因艾滋病毒而濒死的经历、在艾滋病毒诊断后灵性增强，以及感觉被更高力量选中感染艾滋病毒。值得注意的是，将艾滋病毒视为关键积极转折点的先前认知是跌至谷底并求助于更高力量。相反，将艾滋病毒视为最消极转折点与诊断后灵性下降有关。灵性既能对应对艾滋病毒产生消极影响，也能产生积极影响。促进积极的灵性应对可能会提供新的咨询方法。此外，对于大多数参与者来说，艾滋病毒并非关键转折点，这可能是有效治疗出现后艾滋病毒常态化的一个指标。
