Anderson James T, Wang Xuying
Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Jan-Feb;44(1):16-24. doi: 10.1080/10409230802640218.
The production of cellular RNAs is tightly regulated to ensure gene expression is limited to appropriate times and locations. Elimination of RNA can be rapid and programmed to quickly terminate gene expression, or can be used to purge old, damaged or inappropriately formed RNAs. It is elimination of RNAs through the action of a polyadenylation complex (TRAMP), first described in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is the focus of this review. The discovery of TRAMP and presence of orthologs in most eukaryotes, along with an increasing number of potential TRAMP substrates in the form of new small non-coding RNAs, many of which emanate from areas of genomes once thought transcriptionally silent; promise to make this area of research of great interest for the foreseeable future.
细胞RNA的产生受到严格调控，以确保基因表达仅限于适当的时间和位置。RNA的消除可以是快速且程序化的，以迅速终止基因表达，或者可用于清除陈旧、受损或形成不当的RNA。本文综述的重点是通过聚腺苷酸化复合体（TRAMP）的作用来消除RNA，TRAMP最初是在酿酒酵母中发现的。TRAMP的发现以及大多数真核生物中直系同源物的存在，再加上越来越多以新的小非编码RNA形式存在的潜在TRAMP底物，其中许多来自曾经被认为转录沉默的基因组区域；这使得该研究领域在可预见的未来备受关注。
