Hunting K L, Matanoski G M, Larson M, Wolford R
Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037.
Am J Ind Med. 1991;20(3):353-70. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700200308.
This study evaluated risk factors for injurious and noninjurious slips, trips, and falls among painters and investigated the hypothesis that exposure to solvents influenced the risk of such accidents. The data were collected longitudinally over an 11 month period. Weekly self-administered questionnaires detailed paint solvent exposure; work-related slips, trips, and falls (STFs); and potentially hazardous job tasks and environmental conditions. An initial questionnaire ascertained personal data, such as age, solvent exposure history, and alcohol consumption. During the study, 2,088 person-weeks of data were collected. Some participants provided many weeks of data, while others responded sporadically. Exposure to potentially hazardous environmental conditions was significantly related to the occurrence of STFs during a week. Several measures of solvent exposure were evaluated for their effect on STFs. Low solvent exposure during a week significantly increased the occurrence of slips, trips, and falls compared to no exposure. Moderate and high weekly exposure were not associated with increased risk, however. Week-to-week variability in the amount of solvent exposure was a strong positive predictor of STFs. Further analysis showed that both increases and decreases in solvent exposure between the preceding 2 weeks and the week of the STF were positively related to the risk of such events. The strongest effect was observed for exposure increases over the preceding 2 weeks. Overall, the results suggest that solvent exposure variability may increase accident risk, and possible explanations are explored.
本研究评估了油漆工中导致受伤和未受伤的滑倒、绊倒及跌倒的风险因素，并调查了接触溶剂会影响此类事故风险的假设。数据在11个月的时间里纵向收集。每周自行填写的问卷详细记录了油漆溶剂接触情况、与工作相关的滑倒、绊倒及跌倒（STF）情况，以及潜在危险的工作任务和环境条件。初始问卷确定了个人数据，如年龄、溶剂接触史和饮酒情况。在研究期间，收集了2088人周的数据。一些参与者提供了多个星期的数据，而其他参与者则是偶尔回复。接触潜在危险的环境条件与一周内STF的发生显著相关。评估了几种溶剂接触量的测量方法对STF的影响。与未接触相比，一周内低溶剂接触显著增加了滑倒、绊倒及跌倒的发生率。然而，中度和高度的每周接触与风险增加无关。溶剂接触量的周与周之间的变化是STF的一个强有力的正向预测指标。进一步分析表明，在前两周与发生STF的那一周之间，溶剂接触量的增加和减少均与此类事件的风险呈正相关。在前两周接触量增加的情况下观察到的影响最为强烈。总体而言，结果表明溶剂接触的变化可能会增加事故风险，并探讨了可能的解释。
