Zhu Yi-Jun, Zheng Yuan-ming, He Ji-zheng, Li Ling-hao, Zhang Lei
State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2008 Dec;19(12):2751-6.
Copper (Cu) is massively used as feed additives in intensive farms, and the discharge and utilization of livestock wastes may cause certain environmental problems. In this paper, a cultivated black soil in Northeast China was sampled, and added with pig manures that contained different concentration of Cu to simulate the vegetable soil under different years of pig manure fertilization. With this soil, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil Cu accumulation via the application of the pig manures on the aboveground biomass and its Cu concentration of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, urease, and acid phosphatase) activities. The results showed that pig manure application increased the aboveground biomass of pakchoi significantly, but had no significant effects on the aboveground biomass Cu concentration. Under the application of pig manure, soil dehydrogenase and urease activities increased in a definite period of time, but their activities as well as soil acid phosphatase activity were depressed gradually with the increase of soil Cu concentration. When the soil total Cu concentration reached 301.3 mg x kg(-1), the aboveground biomass of pakchoi, soil microbial biomass carbon, and the activities of dehydrogenase, urease, and acid phosphatase were greatly reducd. The aboveground biomass Cu concentration of pakchoi had significant positive correlations with the concentration of soil total and water soluble Cu (P < 0.01), while the aboveground biomass was negatively correlated with soil total Cu concentration (P < 0.05). It was suggested that the threshold value of Cu in black soil under vegetable cultivation should be less than 301.3 mg x kg(-1).
铜（Cu）在集约化养殖场中被大量用作饲料添加剂，畜禽粪便的排放和利用可能会引发一定的环境问题。本文采集了中国东北的一种耕作黑土，添加不同铜浓度的猪粪，以模拟不同年份猪粪施肥下的菜地土壤。利用该土壤进行盆栽试验，研究通过施用猪粪使土壤铜积累对小白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）地上部生物量及其铜浓度、土壤微生物量碳和土壤酶（脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶）活性的影响。结果表明，施用猪粪显著增加了小白菜的地上部生物量，但对地上部生物量铜浓度无显著影响。在施用猪粪的情况下，土壤脱氢酶和脲酶活性在一定时期内增加，但随着土壤铜浓度的升高，它们的活性以及土壤酸性磷酸酶活性逐渐受到抑制。当土壤总铜浓度达到301.3 mg·kg⁻¹时，小白菜地上部生物量、土壤微生物量碳以及脱氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性均大幅降低。小白菜地上部生物量铜浓度与土壤总铜和水溶性铜浓度呈显著正相关（P < 0.01），而地上部生物量与土壤总铜浓度呈负相关（P < 0.05）。建议蔬菜种植下黑土中铜的阈值应小于301.3 mg·kg⁻¹。
