†Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China.
‡Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Apr 7;49(7):4609-17. doi: 10.1021/es504945e. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
Copper is used as a growth promoter in animal husbandry, resulting in high Cu concentrations in animal manure. We tested whether Cu would be mobilized in soils receiving excessive loads of manure, both from recently added and from aged fractions. To discriminate between these Cu sources, manure was labeled with (65)Cu. After soil application of 0, 15, and 30 Mg manure ha(-1), leachate was collected in free-draining lysimeters (40 cm depth) under undisturbed soil over a 53 day period. Determining the total amounts of Cu and the fractions of (65)Cu in leachate and the soil profile enabled us to trace the translocation of Cu derived from labeled manure. More than 84% of the applied Cu was retained in the top 2 cm of soil. Less than 0.01% of the applied Cu was detected overall in the leachate. Of this amount, however, 38% (± 8.9 SE) was leached within 8 days after application. The total Cu concentration in leachates (32-164 μg L(-1)) frequently exceeded the Chinese groundwater quality standard of 50 μg L(-1). The added (65)Cu, however, accounted for less than 3.6% of the total Cu leaching load, suggesting that Cu from older sources and/or geological background controls contamination, regardless of current land management.
铜被用作畜牧业中的生长促进剂，导致动物粪便中的铜浓度很高。我们测试了在接收过量粪便负荷的土壤中是否会使铜发生迁移，这些粪便既有最近添加的，也有老化的部分。为了区分这些铜源，粪便被用 (65)Cu 标记。在 0、15 和 30 Mg 粪便 ha(-1) 的土壤应用后，在未扰动土壤下的自由排水渗滤计（40 cm 深度）中收集淋滤液（53 天）。测定淋滤液和土壤剖面中总铜量和 (65)Cu 分数，使我们能够追踪源自标记粪便的铜的迁移。超过 84%的施用量的铜保留在土壤的前 2 cm 中。在淋滤液中整体检测到的施用量不到 0.01%。然而，在此数量中，有 38%（± 8.9 SE）在施入后 8 天内被淋洗。淋滤液中的总铜浓度（32-164 μg L(-1)）经常超过中国地下水质量标准的 50 μg L(-1)。然而，添加的 (65)Cu 仅占总铜淋洗负荷的不到 3.6%，表明来自较老来源和/或地质背景的铜控制着污染，而不管当前的土地管理如何。
