Ergun Deniz, Cakici Mehmet, Cakici Ebru
Psychology Department, Near East University, Turkey.
Torture. 2008;18(1):20-8.
During the 1963-1964 ethnic conflict and 1974 war in Cyprus, many Turkish Cypriots were displaced by Greek Cypriot forces. The psychological condition of Turkish Cypriots after these conflicts has not been studied to the present day. At the time of the Annan Plan Referendum on April 24th 2004, when people on both sides were to decide whether to reunite or not, and when old traumatic events where being discussed in vivid detail, the psychological responses of the internally displaced and non-displaced Turkish Cypriots were investigated. The sample of the study derived from a sample of a larger household survey study conducted on 408 adult people taken randomly from three different districts. People who settled down in Cyprus after 1974 or who had never experienced a war in Cyprus were not included in the study. 129 Turkish Cypriots who experienced either 1963-64 conflict or the 1974 war were included in the present study. 86 of these had been displaced. The first part of the questionnaire that was administered to the subjects included demographic characteristics, war-related traumatic experiences, the level of seriousness, and traumatic incidents resulting from other circumstances. In the second part of the questionnaire, the Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used to investigate the symptoms of the post-traumatic process. The outcomes indicates that the internally displaced persons (IDPs) where subjected to traumatic incidents at a higher degree due to killing, displacement, captivity, or killing of family members and relatives. The rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of IDPs is 20%, and is significantly higher than for non-displaced persons. The comparison of BSI subscales show that IDPs had a higher level of depression scores than the non-displaced persons. The somatization subscale scores are higher in non-displaced persons. The study reveals a higher frequency of war-related traumatic events in IDPs than in non-displaced people, greater suffering from posttraumatic stress and more negative beliefs about future reunion.
在1963 - 1964年塞浦路斯的种族冲突和1974年的战争期间，许多土族塞人被希族塞人部队驱赶离开家园。时至今日，这些冲突后土族塞人的心理状况仍未得到研究。在2004年4月24日关于《安南计划》的全民公决时，双方民众要决定是否实现统一，而且当时人们在生动详细地讨论过去的创伤性事件，在此期间对境内流离失所和未流离失所的土族塞人的心理反应进行了调查。该研究样本取自一项规模更大的家庭调查研究的样本，该家庭调查研究对从三个不同地区随机抽取的408名成年人进行。1974年后在塞浦路斯定居或从未在塞浦路斯经历过战争的人未被纳入该研究。本研究纳入了129名经历过1963 - 1964年冲突或1974年战争的土族塞人。其中86人曾流离失所。向受试者发放的问卷的第一部分包括人口统计学特征、与战争相关的创伤经历、严重程度以及其他情况导致的创伤事件。在问卷的第二部分，使用创伤应激症状清单（TSSC）和简明症状量表（BSI）来调查创伤后过程的症状。结果表明，境内流离失所者因杀戮、流离失所、被囚禁或家人及亲属被杀而遭受创伤性事件的程度更高。境内流离失所者的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发生率为20%，显著高于未流离失所者。BSI分量表的比较显示，境内流离失所者的抑郁得分高于未流离失所者。未流离失所者的躯体化分量表得分更高。该研究表明，境内流离失所者中与战争相关的创伤事件发生频率高于未流离失所者，遭受创伤后应激的痛苦更大，对未来统一的负面信念更多。
