Madoro Derebe, Kerebih Habtamu, Habtamu Yodit, G/Tsadik Meseret, Mokona Hirbaye, Molla Alemayehu, Wondie Tirusew, Yohannes Kalkidan
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gonidar, Ethiopia.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Oct 7;16:2317-2326. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S267307. eCollection 2020.
Displaced people experience different traumatic events. This can have serious and long-lasting consequences in terms of physical and mental health outcome. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequent mental disorder following traumatic exposure. In 2018 Ethiopia saw the highest number of internal displacement, despite this, less attention has been given to mental health among internally displaced people in the country. This study aims to determine the estimated prevalence and associated factors of PTSD among internally displaced people in the Gede'o zone, south Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 and 30, May 2019 among 636 participants, who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. PTSD was measured by the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The association between outcome and independent variables was identified by bi-variable and multivariate logistic regression. Finally, variables with P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at 95% CI.
A total of 625 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 98.3%. The estimated prevalence of PTSD was 58.4% with 95% CI 55 to 61.9. In the multivariate logistic regression, being female (AOR=2.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.4), depression (AOR=2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.9), displaced more than once (AOR=3.7, 95% CI 2.4 to 5.8), destruction of personal property (AOR=1.6, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.44), witness the murder of family (AOR=2, 95% CI 1.2, 3.9), and cumulative trauma (AOR=4, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.6) were significantly associated factors.
In the current study, the estimated prevalence of PTSD was high. Ministry of health should plan routine screening and management of PTSD, depression and linking with available mental health service is recommended.
流离失所者经历了不同的创伤事件。这在身心健康方面可能会产生严重且持久的后果。创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是创伤暴露后最常见的精神障碍。2018年，埃塞俄比亚的国内流离失所人数最多，尽管如此，该国国内流离失所者的心理健康问题却较少受到关注。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚南部盖德奥地区国内流离失所者中创伤后应激障碍的估计患病率及相关因素。
2019年5月1日至30日，采用简单随机抽样技术选取636名参与者，开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。创伤后应激障碍通过《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版创伤后应激障碍检查表（PCL - 5）进行测量。通过双变量和多变量逻辑回归确定结果与自变量之间的关联。最后，P值小于0.05 的变量在95%置信区间被认为具有统计学意义。
共对625名参与者进行了访谈，回复率为98.3%。创伤后应激障碍的估计患病率为58.4%，95%置信区间为55%至61.9%。在多变量逻辑回归中，女性（优势比=2.4，95%置信区间1.6至3.4）、抑郁（优势比=2.6，95%置信区间1.2至3.9）、多次流离失所（优势比=3.7，95%置信区间2.4至5.8）、个人财产被破坏（优势比=1.6，95%置信区间1.04至2.44）、目睹家人被谋杀（优势比=2，95%置信区间1.2至3.9）以及累积创伤（优势比=4，95%置信区间1.7至9.6）是显著相关因素。
在当前研究中，创伤后应激障碍的估计患病率较高。卫生部应计划对创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症进行常规筛查和管理，并建议与现有的心理健康服务建立联系。
