Gwaltney Chad J, Metrik Jane, Kahler Christopher W, Shiffman Saul
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Community Health, Brown University, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2009 Mar;23(1):56-66. doi: 10.1037/a0013529.
According to relapse models, self-efficacy (SE), or confidence in one's ability to abstain, should predict the outcome of an attempt to quit smoking. We reviewed 54 studies that prospectively examined this relationship. The relationship between SE and future smoking depended upon the population studied and the timing of the SE assessment. The relationship between SE and future smoking was modest when SE was assessed prior to a quit attempt; SE scores were .21 standard deviation units (SD) higher for those not smoking at follow-up than for those who were smoking. The relationship was stronger (.47 SD) when SE was assessed post-quit. However, this effect was diminished when only abstainers at the time of the SE assessment were included in analysis (.28 SD). Controlling for smoking status at the time of SE assessment substantially reduced the relationship between SE and future smoking. Although SE has a reliable association with future abstinence, it is less robust than expected. Many studies may overestimate the relationship by failing to appropriately control for smoking behavior at the time of the SE assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
根据复发模型，自我效能感（SE），即对自身戒烟能力的信心，应该能够预测戒烟尝试的结果。我们回顾了54项前瞻性研究这一关系的研究。自我效能感与未来吸烟之间的关系取决于所研究的人群以及自我效能感评估的时间。在戒烟尝试之前评估自我效能感时，自我效能感与未来吸烟之间的关系较为适度；随访时不吸烟的人的自我效能感得分比吸烟的人高0.21个标准差单位（SD）。在戒烟后评估自我效能感时，这种关系更强（0.47 SD）。然而，当分析中仅纳入自我效能感评估时的戒烟者时，这种效应会减弱（0.28 SD）。在自我效能感评估时控制吸烟状态会大幅降低自我效能感与未来吸烟之间的关系。尽管自我效能感与未来戒烟存在可靠的关联，但其稳健性低于预期。许多研究可能由于未能在自我效能感评估时适当控制吸烟行为而高估了这种关系。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2009美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
