McCarthy Danielle E, Gloria Rebecca, Curtin John J
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2009 Mar;23(1):77-90. doi: 10.1037/a0014288.
Drug motivation models postulate that attention biasing toward smoking-related cues is a cognitive mechanism supporting continued or renewed drug use, and they predict that drug use history, deprivation, and distress should modulate the extent of this bias. The present study used the modified Stroop paradigm to extend past research regarding attention biasing toward smoking and unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral words among adult nonsmokers and daily smokers. Both nonsmokers and smokers showed differential attention toward unpleasant and pleasant cues, particularly pleasant cues, but did not show a unique bias toward smoking-related stimuli. Results suggested that, among smokers, nicotine deprivation and exogenous stress (threat of electric shock) have a nonadditive effect on attention toward pleasant cues but no effect on attention to smoking cues specifically. Similarly, instructing smokers that they would have an opportunity to smoke did not significantly increase the bias of nicotine-deprived smokers' attention toward smoking-related cues, relative to arousing unpleasant and pleasant cues. Overall, results suggest that smokers' attention may be biased toward both smoking-related and other salient cues when deprived of nicotine and anticipating an opportunity to smoke. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
药物动机模型假定，对吸烟相关线索的注意力偏向是一种支持持续或重新使用药物的认知机制，并且它们预测药物使用史、戒断和痛苦会调节这种偏向的程度。本研究使用改良的斯特鲁普范式，扩展了以往关于成年不吸烟者和每日吸烟者对吸烟以及不愉快、愉快和中性词汇的注意力偏向的研究。不吸烟者和吸烟者对不愉快和愉快线索，特别是愉快线索，均表现出不同的注意力，但对吸烟相关刺激并未表现出独特的偏向。结果表明，在吸烟者中，尼古丁戒断和外源性应激（电击威胁）对愉快线索的注意力有非相加效应，但对吸烟线索的注意力没有特定影响。同样，告知吸烟者他们将有机会吸烟，相对于唤起不愉快和愉快线索，并未显著增加尼古丁戒断吸烟者对吸烟相关线索的注意力偏向。总体而言，结果表明，当吸烟者尼古丁戒断并预期有机会吸烟时，他们的注意力可能会偏向吸烟相关线索和其他显著线索。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2009美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
