Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 1930 Monroe St., Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Apr;214(3):603-16. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-2063-9.
Attentional biases and executive control deficits may play a role in smoking cessation failure.
The object of this study was to determine whether smokers' pre-quit reaction times on a computerized modified Simon task (which assesses attentional biases and executive control deficits) predict abstinence following a quit attempt.
Participants (N = 365) in a larger smoking cessation clinical trial completed the modified Simon task twice (while 10-h nicotine-deprived vs. not deprived). In the task, two photographs (i.e., two digital slides) were displayed—one always neutral, the other positive, negative, smoking-relevant, or neutral. A probe (<<< or >>>) then appeared to the left or right of center, and participants indicated the arrow's direction (left or right) which was either congruent or incongruent with the arrow's location on the screen. The incongruency effect, a measure of executive control, was calculated by subtracting the reaction time to congruent probes from the reaction time to incongruent probes.
Greater impairment in executive control (i.e., greater probe incongruency effects) after viewing positive and smoking slides relative to negative slides predicted an inability to establish initial cessation and to maintain abstinence up to 8 weeks post-quit.
These effects may be because smokers who avoid/escape from processing negative affect are more likely to fail in a cessation attempt. Differences in relatively automatic responses to affective cues distinguish smokers who are successful and unsuccessful in their smoking cessation attempts, but effects were modest in size.
注意偏差和执行控制缺陷可能在戒烟失败中起作用。
本研究的目的是确定吸烟者在计算机化的改良 Simon 任务（评估注意偏差和执行控制缺陷）中的预戒烟反应时间是否可以预测戒烟尝试后的戒烟成功。
参加更大规模戒烟临床试验的参与者（N=365）两次完成改良 Simon 任务（在 10 小时尼古丁剥夺和不剥夺状态下）。在任务中，会显示两张照片（即两个数字幻灯片），一张始终为中性，另一张为阳性、阴性、与吸烟相关或中性。然后在屏幕中心的左侧或右侧出现一个探针（<<<或>>>），参与者指出箭头的方向（左或右），该方向与屏幕上箭头的位置是一致还是不一致。通过从一致探针的反应时间中减去不一致探针的反应时间来计算执行控制的度量指标——不和谐效应。
与观看负面幻灯片相比，观看正面和吸烟幻灯片后执行控制受损（即探针不和谐效应更大），这预示着无法建立初始戒烟成功，并且在戒烟后 8 周内无法保持戒烟状态。
这些影响可能是因为避免/逃避处理负面情绪的吸烟者更有可能在戒烟尝试中失败。对情感线索的相对自动反应的差异可以区分成功和不成功的戒烟尝试者，但效应的规模较小。
