Lindenberger Ulman, Ghisletta Paolo
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 2009 Mar;24(1):1-16. doi: 10.1037/a0014986.
Resource accounts of behavioral aging postulate that age-associated impairments within and across intellectual and sensory domains reflect, in part, a common set of senescent alterations in the neurochemistry and neuroanatomy of the aging brain. Hence, these accounts predict sizeable correlations of between-person differences in rates of decline, both within and across intellectual and sensory domains. The authors examined reliability-adjusted variances and covariances in longitudinal change for 8 cognitive measures and for close visual acuity, distant visual acuity, and hearing in 516 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (ages 70 to 103 years at 1st measurement). Up to 6 longitudinal measurements were distributed over up to 13 years. Individual differences in rates of cognitive decline were highly correlated, with a single factor accounting for 60% of the variance in cognitive change. This amount increased to 65% when controlling for age at first measurement, distance to death, and risk of dementia. Contrary to expectations, the correlations between cognitive and sensory declines were only moderate in size, underscoring the need to delineate both domain-general and function-specific mechanisms of behavioral senescence.
行为衰老的资源账户假设，智力和感官领域内及跨领域的与年龄相关的损伤，部分反映了衰老大脑神经化学和神经解剖学中一组常见的衰老变化。因此，这些账户预测，在智力和感官领域内及跨领域，个体间衰退率差异存在显著相关性。作者研究了柏林衰老研究中516名参与者（首次测量时年龄在70至103岁之间）8项认知测量指标以及近视力、远视力和听力纵向变化的可靠性调整方差和协方差。多达6次纵向测量分布在长达13年的时间里。认知衰退率的个体差异高度相关，一个单一因素解释了认知变化方差的60%。在控制首次测量时的年龄、距死亡时间和痴呆风险后，这一比例增至65%。与预期相反，认知衰退和感官衰退之间的相关性仅为中等程度，这突出表明需要明确行为衰老的领域通用机制和功能特定机制。
