Fullard John F, Kale Abhijit, Baker Nicholas E
Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Apoptosis. 2009 Aug;14(8):1029-37. doi: 10.1007/s10495-009-0335-9.
Apoptotic corpses can be engulfed and cleared by many other cell types in addition to 'professional' phagocytes such as macrophage. Studies of several organisms have contributed to the understanding of apoptotic corpse engulfment. Two partially redundant engulfment pathways have been characterized that act even in non-professional phagocytes to promote corpse engulfment. This review summarizes some recent progress in signaling by these pathways, including the exposure of eat-me-signals on apoptotic cells, and insights from Drosophila on the roles of the bridging receptor Six Microns Under, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Shark, and store-operated calcium release in the Draper/Ced-1 pathway of corpse recognition and internalization. The mechanism of apoptotic phagosome maturation is outlined, and possible connections between corpse engulfment and proliferation, cell competition, and immunity are discussed.
除了巨噬细胞等“专职”吞噬细胞外，凋亡小体还能被许多其他细胞类型吞噬和清除。对多种生物体的研究有助于理解凋亡小体的吞噬过程。现已鉴定出两条部分冗余的吞噬途径，它们即使在非专职吞噬细胞中也能发挥作用，促进小体的吞噬。本综述总结了这些途径在信号传导方面的一些最新进展，包括凋亡细胞上“吃我”信号的暴露，以及果蝇在衔接受体Six Microns Under、非受体酪氨酸激酶Shark和储存式钙释放（在Draper/Ced-1途径的凋亡小体识别和内化过程中）所起作用方面的见解。文中概述了凋亡吞噬体成熟的机制，并讨论了凋亡小体吞噬与增殖、细胞竞争和免疫之间可能存在的联系。
