Medi Caroline, Kalman Jonathan M, Freedman Saul B
Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Med J Aust. 2009 Mar 2;190(5):255-60. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02388.x.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common cardiac rhythm disturbance; it usually presents with recurrent episodes of tachycardia, which often increase in frequency and severity with time. Although SVT is usually not life-threatening, many patients suffer recurrent symptoms that have a major impact on their quality of life. The uncertain and sporadic nature of episodes of tachycardia can cause considerable anxiety - many patients curtail their lifestyle as a result, and many prefer curative treatment. SVT often terminates before presentation, and episodes may be erroneously attributed to anxiety. Sudden-onset, rapid, regular palpitations characterise SVT and, in most patients, a diagnosis can be made with a high degree of certainty from patient history alone. Repeated attempts at electrocardiographic documentation of the arrhythmia may be unnecessary. Treatment of SVT may not be necessary when the episodes are infrequent and self-terminating, and produce minimal symptoms. When episodes of tachycardia occur frequently, are prolonged or are associated with symptoms that affect quality of life, catheter ablation is the first choice of treatment; it is a low-risk procedure with a high success rate. Long-term preventive pharmacotherapy is an alternative approach in some patients.
室上性心动过速（SVT）是一种常见的心律失常；通常表现为心动过速反复发作，且其频率和严重程度往往随时间增加。虽然室上性心动过速通常不会危及生命，但许多患者会反复出现症状，这对他们的生活质量有重大影响。心动过速发作的不确定性和偶发性会导致相当大的焦虑——许多患者因此限制自己的生活方式，而且许多患者更倾向于根治性治疗。室上性心动过速常在就诊前自行终止，发作可能被错误地归因于焦虑。突发、快速、规律的心悸是室上性心动过速的特征，在大多数患者中，仅根据患者病史就能高度确定地做出诊断。可能无需反复尝试通过心电图记录心律失常。当发作不频繁且自行终止，且产生的症状轻微时，可能无需对室上性心动过速进行治疗。当心动过速发作频繁、持续时间长或伴有影响生活质量的症状时，导管消融是首选治疗方法；这是一种低风险、成功率高的手术。长期预防性药物治疗是一些患者的替代治疗方法。
