Nehl Eric J, Blanchard Chris M, Peng Chao-Ying J, Rhodes Ryan E, Kupperman Janet, Sparling Phillip B, Courneya Kerry, Baker Frank
Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30222, USA.
Behav Med. 2009 Spring;35(1):23-9. doi: 10.3200/BMED.35.1.23-29.
Few studies have considered whether psychological determinants of nonsmoking among college students vary by ethnicity. The authors tested the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain differences in nonsmoking intentions of 238 African American and 197 Caucasian college students who completed an in-class TPB questionnaire and a smoking assessment 1 week later. After removing 35 students who reported smoking at the baseline assessment, regressions were used to examine ethnic effects on TPB constructs when predicting nonsmoking intentions. Caucasians had statistically significant higher nonsmoking intentions than African Americans. Further, subjective norms for Caucasians and attitudes for African Americans had small but significant relations to intention, but perceived behavioral control (PBC) was a strongly significant predictor for both ethnic groups. However, the prediction of nonsmoking intentions was not statistically moderated by ethnicity for any of the TPB constructs. This study suggests that the TPB may aid in understanding collegiate nonsmoking intentions and help begin to explain differences in smoking on the basis of ethnicity. Last, because of strong associations shown in this study, PBC should be considered when developing ethnic-specific smoking interventions in college students.
很少有研究探讨大学生中不吸烟行为的心理决定因素是否因种族而异。作者运用计划行为理论（TPB）来解释238名非裔美国大学生和197名白人大学生不吸烟意愿的差异，这些学生完成了一份课堂TPB问卷，并在1周后进行了吸烟情况评估。在剔除35名在基线评估时报告吸烟的学生后，运用回归分析来检验在预测不吸烟意愿时种族对TPB各构成要素的影响。白人学生的不吸烟意愿在统计学上显著高于非裔美国学生。此外，白人学生的主观规范和非裔美国学生的态度与意愿有微小但显著的关系，但感知行为控制（PBC）对两个种族群体都是一个非常显著的预测因素。然而，对于任何TPB构成要素，不吸烟意愿的预测在统计学上都没有因种族而受到调节。这项研究表明，TPB可能有助于理解大学生的不吸烟意愿，并有助于开始解释基于种族的吸烟差异。最后，鉴于本研究显示的强烈关联，在制定针对大学生的特定种族吸烟干预措施时应考虑PBC。
