Goltsev Yury, Rezende Gustavo L, Vranizan Karen, Lanzaro Greg, Valle Denise, Levine Michael
Department of Mol. Cell Biology, Division of Genetics Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Dev Biol. 2009 Jun 15;330(2):462-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.02.038. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
During the evolution of the Diptera there is a dramatic modification of the embryonic ectoderm, whereby mosquitoes contain separate amnion and serosa lineages while higher flies such as Drosophila melanogaster contain a single amnioserosa. Whole-genome transcriptome assays were performed with isolated serosa from Anopheles gambiae embryos. These assays identified a large number of genes implicated in the production of the larval cuticle. In D. melanogaster, these genes are activated just once during embryogenesis, during late stages where they are used for the production of the larval cuticle. Evidence is presented that the serosal cells secrete a dedicated serosal cuticle, which protects A. gambiae embryos from desiccation. Detailed temporal microarray assays of mosquito gene expression profiles revealed that the cuticular genes display biphasic expression during A. gambiae embryogenesis, first in the serosa of early embryos and then again during late stages as seen in D. melanogaster. We discuss how evolutionary modifications in the well-defined dorsal-ventral patterning network led to the wholesale deployment of the cuticle biosynthesis pathway in early embryos of A. gambiae.
在双翅目昆虫的进化过程中，胚胎外胚层发生了显著变化，其中蚊子具有独立的羊膜和浆膜谱系，而像黑腹果蝇这样的高等苍蝇则只有单一的羊膜浆膜。我们从冈比亚按蚊胚胎中分离出浆膜进行了全基因组转录组分析。这些分析鉴定出大量与幼虫表皮生成相关的基因。在黑腹果蝇中，这些基因在胚胎发育过程中只在后期被激活一次，用于幼虫表皮的生成。有证据表明浆膜细胞分泌一种专门的浆膜表皮，可保护冈比亚按蚊胚胎免受干燥影响。对蚊子基因表达谱进行的详细时间微阵列分析表明，表皮基因在冈比亚按蚊胚胎发育过程中呈现双相表达，首先在早期胚胎的浆膜中表达，然后在后期又像在黑腹果蝇中那样再次表达。我们讨论了在明确的背腹模式网络中的进化变化是如何导致表皮生物合成途径在冈比亚按蚊早期胚胎中全面展开的。
