Schwartz D, Ostfeld I, Bar-Dayan Y
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Emerg Med J. 2009 Apr;26(4):293-8. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.061143.
Over 2000 improvised rockets (called "Kassam" rockets) have been targeted at the south of Israel from the Gaza strip since 2001. Most of them have injured relatively few people. The first known case of a multicasualty incident (MCI) caused by the landing of a single, improvised rocket is described.
The event is described according to the disastrous incidents systematic analysis through components, interactions and results methodology (DISAST-CIR).
The rocket hit a military training tent camp in the south of Israel at 01:18 hours. At that time, all soldiers were in bed and were not using any protective gear. A total of 76 soldiers was injured (three severe, eight moderate and 65 mild). The most prevalent types of injuries were upper extremity (33%) and lower extremity (30%) trauma, tinnitus (30%) and acute stress reactions (32%). A total of 67 casualties was evacuated to the nearest level two hospital, Barzilai, in a two-phase distribution characterised by different patterns of injury severity and type. All urgent casualties arrived at hospitals within 1 h 24 minutes, whereas most stress casualties arrived in the later phase. Seven casualties were secondarily transported to level one trauma centres. 42 of the casualties were hospitalised and 17 needed urgent surgery. None has died.
A single low-tech mortar with poor accuracy and small warhead (estimated weight of 10 kg only) can cause a large-scale MCI. As international terrorist organisations can easily gain access to improvised rockets, the latter may become a threat in many countries. Emergency systems should thus be prepared for that adverse possibility.
自2001年以来，超过2000枚简易火箭弹（称为“卡萨姆”火箭弹）被从加沙地带发射至以色列南部。其中大多数造成的人员伤亡相对较少。本文描述了首例已知的由一枚简易火箭弹着陆导致多人伤亡事件（MCI）。
根据灾难性事件系统分析的组成部分、相互作用和结果方法（DISAST - CIR）对该事件进行描述。
该火箭弹于01:18时击中以色列南部的一个军事训练帐篷营地。当时，所有士兵都在床上，未使用任何防护装备。共有76名士兵受伤（3人重伤、8人中度伤和65人轻伤）。最常见的损伤类型为上肢创伤（33%）、下肢创伤（30%）、耳鸣（30%）和急性应激反应（32%）。共有67名伤员分两阶段被疏散至最近的二级医院——巴齐莱医院，两阶段呈现出不同的损伤严重程度和类型模式。所有紧急伤员在1小时24分钟内抵达医院，而大多数应激伤员在后期抵达。7名伤员被转送至一级创伤中心。42名伤员住院治疗，17人需要紧急手术。无人死亡。
一枚精度差、弹头小（估计仅重10千克）的低技术迫击炮就能导致大规模多人伤亡事件。由于国际恐怖组织能够轻易获取简易火箭弹，后者可能在许多国家构成威胁。因此，应急系统应为这种不利可能性做好准备。
