Chiasson M A, Stoneburner R L, Hildebrandt D S, Ewing W E, Telzak E E, Jaffe H W
New York City Department of Health, AIDS Research Unit, New York 10013.
AIDS. 1991 Sep;5(9):1121-6. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199109000-00011.
A study of risk factors for HIV-1 infection was conducted at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in an area of New York City where the cumulative incidence of AIDS in adults through mid-1990 was 9.1 per 1000 of the population and where the use of illicit drugs, including smokable freebase cocaine (crack), is common. The overall seroprevalence among volunteers was 12% (369 out of 3084), with 80% of those who were seropositive reporting risk behavior associated with HIV-1 infection, including male-to-male sexual contact, intravenous drug use and heterosexual contact with an intravenous drug user. The seroprevalence in individuals denying these risks was 3.6% (50 out of 1389) and 4.2% (22 out of 522) in men and women, respectively. Among these individuals, the behaviors significantly associated with infection were use of crack and prostitution in women, and history of syphilis and crack use in men. These results suggest that in areas where the level of HIV-1 infection in heterosexual intravenous drug users is high and the use of crack is common, increased sexual activity (including the exchange of drugs or money for sex) may result in increased heterosexual transmission of HIV-1.
在纽约市某地区的一家性传播疾病诊所开展了一项关于HIV-1感染风险因素的研究。截至1990年年中，该地区成年人艾滋病的累积发病率为每1000人中有9.1例，且包括可吸食的游离碱可卡因（快克）在内的非法药物使用情况很普遍。志愿者中的总体血清阳性率为12%（3084人中369人），血清呈阳性的人中80%报告了与HIV-1感染相关的风险行为，包括男男性接触、静脉吸毒以及与静脉吸毒者发生异性接触。否认有这些风险的个体中，男性血清阳性率为3.6%（1389人中50人），女性为4.2%（522人中22人）。在这些个体中，与感染显著相关的行为在女性中是使用快克和卖淫，在男性中是有梅毒病史和使用快克。这些结果表明，在异性静脉吸毒者中HIV-1感染水平较高且快克使用普遍的地区，性活动增加（包括以毒品或金钱交换性行为）可能导致HIV-1异性传播增加。
