Lewandowska Katarzyna, Specjalski Krzysztof, Jassem Ewa, Słomiński Jan Marek
Klinika Pneumonologii Katedry Pneumonologii i Alergologii Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku.
Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2009;77(1):31-6.
The evaluation of styles of coping with stress resulting from a somatic disease was always considered controversial, since the stress is a consequence of the complexity of the disease as a stressful event and is linked with every field of human life and activity. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various styles of coping with stress - task-oriented, emotion-oriented, or avoidance-oriented - used by patients with asthma to cope with their disease and its consequences.
100 patients with asthma were examined including 15 with mild asthma, 40 with moderate asthma, and 45 with severe asthma. The first group consisted of patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and the second group of patients with severe asthma. The subjects were mainly females (69% women, 31% men) aged from 19 to 75 years, with at least primary level of education. The following questionnaires were used: Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), UWIST Mood Adjective Check List (UMACL), and Asthma Control Test (ACT).
Task-oriented style had a positive influence on emotions (p < 0.05) in patients with moderate asthma. Avoidance-oriented style had a positive influence on emotions (p < 0.05) in patients with severe asthma. Emotion-oriented style proved ineffective and had a negative influence on emotions (p < 0.05) in all patients.
Coping style plays a key role in the emotional functioning of asthmatics. Moreover, incorporation of an individual style of coping with stress in the therapeutic process is necessary.
对因躯体疾病产生的应对压力方式的评估一直存在争议，因为压力是作为应激事件的疾病复杂性的结果，并且与人类生活和活动的各个领域相关联。本研究的主要目的是评估哮喘患者采用的各种应对压力方式——任务导向型、情绪导向型或回避导向型——应对其疾病及其后果的有效性。
对100例哮喘患者进行了检查，其中15例为轻度哮喘，40例为中度哮喘，45例为重度哮喘。第一组由轻度至中度哮喘患者组成，第二组由重度哮喘患者组成。受试者主要为女性（69%为女性，31%为男性），年龄在19至75岁之间，至少接受过小学教育。使用了以下问卷：应激情境应对量表（CISS）、UWIST情绪形容词检查表（UMACL）和哮喘控制测试（ACT）。
任务导向型方式对中度哮喘患者的情绪有积极影响（p < 0.05）。回避导向型方式对重度哮喘患者的情绪有积极影响（p < 0.05）。情绪导向型方式被证明无效，并且对所有患者的情绪有负面影响（p < 0.05）。
应对方式在哮喘患者的情绪功能中起关键作用。此外，在治疗过程中纳入个体应对压力的方式是必要的。
