Nicolas Michel, Jebrane Ahmed
Laboratory of Socio Psychology and Management of Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty of Dijon, France.
Psychol Rep. 2008 Dec;103(3):735-44. doi: 10.2466/pr0.103.3.735-744.
In an exploratory study, the relationships between two major concepts in psychological adjustment, coping strategies, and defense mechanisms were investigated. Sport competition is an example of a real-world context in which people's responses to stressful situations can be investigated. The extent to which participants reported different uses of coping strategies and defense mechanisms was assessed in terms of performance. 26 elite kayakers were classified into one of two groups, depending on the discrepancy between their standard performance and their performance in competition. Correlations were found among the coping strategies of seeking social support, positive reappraisal/planful problem solving, and mature defenses and between the coping strategy of distancing/avoidance and immature defenses. The results of multivariate and univariate analyses confirmed a significantly different use of coping strategies and defense mechanisms between the two performance groups. In light of these findings, certain recommendations in terms of methodology and application are warranted. Coping strategies and defense mechanisms should be studied to improve adjustment to sport performance.
在一项探索性研究中，对心理调适、应对策略和防御机制这两个主要概念之间的关系进行了调查。体育竞赛是现实世界中的一个例子，在这个情境中可以研究人们对应激情况的反应。根据表现评估参与者报告的应对策略和防御机制的不同使用程度。26名精英皮划艇运动员根据其标准表现与比赛表现之间的差异被分为两组。研究发现，寻求社会支持、积极重新评价/有计划地解决问题和成熟防御等应对策略之间以及疏远/回避应对策略和不成熟防御之间存在相关性。多变量和单变量分析的结果证实，两个表现组在应对策略和防御机制的使用上存在显著差异。鉴于这些发现，在方法和应用方面有必要提出某些建议。应该研究应对策略和防御机制，以改善对运动表现的调适。
