Levillain Guillaume, Vacher Philippe, de Roten Yves, Nicolas Michel
Laboratory of Psy-Drepi (EA 7428), University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, Maison de l'université, Esplanade Erasme, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France.
Laboratory CREAD, University of Brest, Place du Recteur Henri Le Moal, CS 24307, 35043 Brest, France.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Oct 11;12(10):274. doi: 10.3390/sports12100274.
The aims of this study were: (a) to explore the relationships between adaptive defense mechanisms (ADMs), maladaptive defense mechanisms (MADMs), stress, recovery, resilience, and sport burnout; and (b) to examine resilience, stress, and recovery as mediators of the relationship between defense mechanisms and burnout. One hundred and seventy-five athletes ( = 20.30 years, = 3.75) completed self-report questionnaires assessing defense mechanisms, resilience, stress, and recovery. Correlation analysis revealed that MADMs were positively associated with burnout, while ADMs had no significant link with burnout. Concerning mediation analysis, results showed a mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between ADMs and burnout. The findings also demonstrated a mediating effect of resilience and recovery in the relationship between MADMs and burnout. Our study highlighted that certain defenses categorized as adaptive might not be suitable in specific situations, thus underscoring the influence of mediating variables. The findings of mediation analysis demonstrated that resilience appears to serve as a particularly protective factor against burnout. On the contrary, MADMs would have a deleterious influence in the management of stress, which could lead to burnout. Coaches may consider fostering athletes' resilience in conjunction with ADMs and implementing targeted psychological exercises to reduce the use of MADMs.
（a）探讨适应性防御机制（ADM）、 maladaptive defense mechanisms（MADM）、压力、恢复、心理韧性和运动倦怠之间的关系；（b）检验心理韧性、压力和恢复作为防御机制与倦怠之间关系的中介变量。175名运动员（年龄 = 20.30岁，标准差 = 3.75）完成了评估防御机制、心理韧性、压力和恢复的自陈问卷。相关分析表明，MADM与倦怠呈正相关，而ADM与倦怠无显著关联。关于中介分析，结果显示心理韧性在ADM与倦怠的关系中起中介作用。研究结果还表明，心理韧性和恢复在MADM与倦怠的关系中起中介作用。我们的研究强调，某些被归类为适应性的防御机制在特定情况下可能并不适用，从而凸显了中介变量的影响。中介分析的结果表明，心理韧性似乎是预防倦怠的一个特别保护因素。相反，MADM在压力管理中会产生有害影响，这可能导致倦怠。教练可以考虑在培养运动员ADM的同时增强其心理韧性，并实施有针对性的心理训练以减少MADM的使用。
