Kossoff Eric H, Rho Jong M
John M. Freeman Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2009 Apr;6(2):406-14. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.01.005.
The use of dietary treatments for epilepsy (ketogenic, modified Atkins, and low glycemic index diets) has been in continuous use since 1921. These treatments have been well studied in the short term, with approximately half of children having at least a 50% reduction in seizures after 6 months. Approximately one third will attain >90% reduction in their seizures. Animal studies confirm these findings, with broad evidence demonstrating acute anticonvulsant effects of the diet. Furthermore, the diet appears to maintain its efficacy in humans when provided continuously for several years. Interestingly, benefits may be seen long term even when the diet is discontinued after only a few months of use, suggesting neuroprotective effects. This potential antiepileptogenic activity has been recently demonstrated in some animal studies as well. This review discusses the animal and human evidence for both short- and long-term benefits of dietary therapies.
自1921年以来，饮食疗法（生酮饮食、改良阿特金斯饮食和低血糖指数饮食）一直在持续用于治疗癫痫。这些疗法在短期内已得到充分研究，大约一半的儿童在6个月后癫痫发作至少减少50%。约三分之一的儿童癫痫发作减少>90%。动物研究证实了这些发现，有广泛证据表明该饮食具有急性抗惊厥作用。此外，连续数年提供该饮食时，其在人类中似乎能维持疗效。有趣的是，即使仅使用几个月后就停止饮食，长期来看仍可能有获益，提示其具有神经保护作用。最近在一些动物研究中也证实了这种潜在的抗癫痫发生活性。本综述讨论了饮食疗法短期和长期获益的动物和人类证据。
