Turnbull J R, Kilding A E, Keogh J W L
Institute of Sport and Recreation Research New Zealand, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009 Apr;19(2):146-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00901.x.
The extreme environment of cold, altitude and movement complexity makes alpine ski racing a difficult sport to study. This review comprises >30 years of research and includes 29 on-snow investigations of specific physiology relating to the various ski racing disciplines, nine off-snow investigations of the physiological capacities of ski racers of varying ability and four review articles. Alpine ski racing appears to involve a complex integration of many different physiological systems, none of which may be more important than the other to overall performance. While technical ability appears to be the greatest influencing factor on performance, the ability to continually exhibit technical competence through a long competitive season requires high capabilities within all physiological systems. Identifying the optimal approach and time to concurrently develop these systems is a challenge for sport scientists. Further research is required using modern portable investigative tools for determining aerobic and anaerobic demands and abilities, especially in the areas of muscle function and relative energy system contribution during both single and multiple runs on varying terrain.
寒冷、高海拔和运动复杂性的极端环境使得高山滑雪比赛成为一项难以研究的运动。本综述涵盖了30多年的研究，包括29项关于与各种滑雪比赛项目相关的特定生理学的实地调查、9项关于不同能力滑雪运动员生理能力的非实地调查以及4篇综述文章。高山滑雪比赛似乎涉及许多不同生理系统的复杂整合，对于整体表现而言，没有哪个系统比其他系统更重要。虽然技术能力似乎是对表现影响最大的因素，但在漫长的竞争赛季中持续展现技术能力的能力需要所有生理系统具备较高水平。确定同时发展这些系统的最佳方法和时机对运动科学家来说是一项挑战。需要使用现代便携式调查工具进行进一步研究，以确定有氧和无氧需求及能力，特别是在不同地形上单程和多程滑行期间的肌肉功能和相对能量系统贡献方面。
