Jennum P, Riha R L
Danish Centre for Sleep Medicine, Glostrup, Denmark.
Eur Respir J. 2009 Apr;33(4):907-14. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00180108.
Epidemiological studies have revealed a high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the community (up to 20%). A subset of these patients has concurrent symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness attributable to their nocturnal breathing disorder and is classified as having obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (4-5% of the middle-aged population). There is strong evidence for an association of sleep apnoea with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity, as well as adverse public health consequences. Treatment and diagnosis have remained largely unchanged over the past 25 yrs. In moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome, treatment with continuous positive airway pressure has been shown to be effective. Questions remain as to how to screen patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Should time-consuming diagnostic procedures with high sensitivity and specificity be employed, or should simpler methods be applied for screening populations at risk, e.g. in the primary care sector?
流行病学研究表明，社区中睡眠呼吸障碍的患病率很高（高达20%）。这些患者中有一部分人因夜间呼吸障碍而同时出现白天过度嗜睡的症状，被归类为患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征（占中年人口的4-5%）。有强有力的证据表明睡眠呼吸暂停与心血管和脑血管疾病以及不良公共卫生后果有关。在过去25年里，治疗和诊断方法基本没有变化。在中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征中，持续气道正压通气治疗已被证明是有效的。关于如何筛查睡眠呼吸障碍患者仍存在问题。是采用耗时但具有高灵敏度和特异性的诊断程序，还是应采用更简单的方法对高危人群进行筛查，例如在初级保健部门？
