Iannella Giannicola, Pace Annalisa, Bellizzi Mario Giuseppe, Magliulo Giuseppe, Greco Antonio, De Virgilio Armando, Croce Enrica, Gioacchini Federico Maria, Re Massimo, Costantino Andrea, Casale Manuele, Moffa Antonio, Lechien Jerome R, Cocuzza Salvatore, Vicini Claudio, Caranti Alberto, Marchese Aragona Rosario, Lentini Mario, Maniaci Antonino
Organi di Senso Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Apr 25;15(9):1088. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15091088.
This study reviewed the global prevalence, health and socioeconomic impact, and management approaches of obstructive sleep apnea. The narrative review examined three key dimensions: (1) worldwide OSA prevalence across different regions, accounting for variations in diagnostic standards; (2) OSA's effects on health outcomes and socioeconomic conditions across diverse populations and healthcare systems; and (3) current global approaches to OSA diagnosis, treatment, and public health management. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, a large proportion of OSA cases remain undiagnosed or inadequately managed. The findings show that untreated OSA significantly increases public safety risks, particularly regarding motor vehicle and occupational accidents, while also creating a substantial pool of patients at high risk for systemic complications with severe impacts on overall health. There is a critical need for increased public awareness, universal screening approaches, and integrated care strategies to address this global health challenge and reduce its considerable socioeconomic burden. Our review uniquely addresses global disparities in OSA prevalence, clarifies the health and socioeconomic impacts that remain underexplored in the current literature, and suggests concrete strategies for public health and clinical management improvement worldwide.
本研究回顾了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的全球患病率、对健康和社会经济的影响以及管理方法。叙述性综述考察了三个关键维度：（1）不同地区的全球阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患病率，考虑到诊断标准的差异；（2）阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对不同人群和医疗保健系统的健康结果和社会经济状况的影响；（3）当前全球阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的诊断、治疗和公共卫生管理方法。尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但仍有很大比例的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病例未被诊断或管理不当。研究结果表明，未经治疗的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停会显著增加公共安全风险，尤其是在机动车和职业事故方面，同时还会产生大量有全身并发症高风险的患者，对整体健康产生严重影响。迫切需要提高公众意识、采用通用筛查方法和综合护理策略，以应对这一全球健康挑战并减轻其巨大的社会经济负担。我们的综述独特地探讨了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患病率的全球差异，阐明了当前文献中尚未充分探索的健康和社会经济影响，并提出了改善全球公共卫生和临床管理的具体策略。
