Evans-Molina Carmella, Vestermark George L, Mirmira Raghavendra G
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2009 Feb;14(1):56-63. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283186fc1.
The differentiation of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells into insulin-producing cells has the potential to create a renewable supply of replacement beta cells with tremendous utility in the treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advancements in the field, with emphasis on the limitations of this technology as it relates to the beta cell.
Multiple groups have developed successful in-vitro protocols to differentiate human embryonic stem cells and selected tissue specific stem cells into progenitors capable of insulin production and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The resulting cells are immature beta cell-like cells that coexpress multiple islet hormones and lack the full complement of genes necessary for normal function. Protocols that include in-vivo maturation in immune-compromised mice produce cells with a more mature phenotype.
Although tremendous progress has been made in differentiating stem cells into insulin-producing cells, there is still more research needed to produce a fully functional adult beta cell.
多能和多潜能干细胞分化为胰岛素分泌细胞，有可能为糖尿病治疗提供可再生的替代β细胞来源，具有巨大的应用价值。本综述旨在总结该领域的最新进展，重点阐述这项技术在β细胞方面的局限性。
多个研究团队已成功开发出体外方案，可将人类胚胎干细胞和选定的组织特异性干细胞分化为能够产生胰岛素并对葡萄糖刺激产生胰岛素分泌的祖细胞。所产生的细胞是不成熟的β细胞样细胞，共表达多种胰岛激素，且缺乏正常功能所需的全部基因。包括在免疫缺陷小鼠体内成熟的方案可产生具有更成熟表型的细胞。
尽管在将干细胞分化为胰岛素分泌细胞方面已取得巨大进展，但仍需更多研究来培育出功能完全成熟的成年β细胞。
