Freimark D, Pino-Grace P, Pohl S, Weber C, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Pörtner R, Czermak P
Institute of Biopharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Hamburg, Germany.
Transfus Med Hemother. 2010 Apr;37(2):66-73. doi: 10.1159/000285777. Epub 2010 Mar 8.
Nowadays cell-based therapy is rarely in clinical practice because of the limited availability of appropriate cells. To apply cells therapeutically, they must not cause any immune response wherefore mainly autologous cells have been used up to now. The amount of vital cells in patients is limited, and under certain circumstances in highly degenerated tissues no vital cells are left. Moreover, the extraction of these cells is connected with additional surgery; also the expansion in vitro is difficult. Other approaches avoid these problems by using allo-or even xenogenic cells. These cells are more stable concerning their therapeutic behavior and can be produced in stock. To prevent an immune response caused by these cells, cell encapsulation (e.g. with alginate) can be performed. Certain studies showed that encapsulated allo- and xenogenic cells achieve promising results in treatment of several diseases. For such cell therapy approaches, stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, are an interesting cell source. This review deals on the one hand with the use of encapsulated cells, especially stem cells, in cell therapy and on the other hand with bioreactor systems for the expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in reproducible and sufficient amounts for potential clinical use.
如今，由于合适细胞的可获得性有限，基于细胞的疗法在临床实践中很少使用。为了将细胞用于治疗，它们不能引起任何免疫反应，因此到目前为止主要使用自体细胞。患者体内活细胞的数量有限，在某些情况下，在高度退化的组织中没有活细胞留存。此外，这些细胞的提取与额外的手术相关；体外扩增也很困难。其他方法通过使用同种异体甚至异种细胞来避免这些问题。这些细胞在治疗行为方面更稳定，并且可以批量生产。为了防止这些细胞引起免疫反应，可以进行细胞封装（例如用藻酸盐）。某些研究表明，封装的同种异体和异种细胞在治疗多种疾病方面取得了有前景的结果。对于此类细胞治疗方法，干细胞，尤其是间充质干细胞，是一种有吸引力的细胞来源。本综述一方面涉及在细胞治疗中使用封装细胞，特别是干细胞，另一方面涉及用于间充质干细胞扩增和分化的生物反应器系统，以产生可重复且足够数量的细胞用于潜在的临床应用。
