University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2010 Jan;23(1):119-26. doi: 10.1080/10615800902818771.
To qualify for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) requires that individuals report experiencing dominant emotions of fear, helplessness, and horror during the trauma (Criterion A2). Despite this stipulation, traumatic events can elicit a myriad of emotions other than fear, such as anger, guilt or shame, sadness, and numbing. The present study examined which emotional reactions to a stressful event in a college student sample are associated with the highest levels of PTSD symptoms. Our results suggest mixed support for the DSM-IV criteria. Although, participants who experienced a dominant emotion of fear reported relatively high PTSD symptomatology, participants who experience danger, disgust-related emotions, and sadness reported PTSD symptoms of equivalent severity. Additionally, participants reported dominant emotions of sadness and other emotions (including disgust, guilt, and shame) more frequently than they reported fear. These results question the specifics of diagnostic Criterion A2 and may have diagnostic and treatment implications.
要符合创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的诊断标准，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-IV）要求个体报告在创伤期间经历主导情绪为恐惧、无助和恐惧（标准 A2）。尽管有此规定，但创伤事件会引发除恐惧以外的多种情绪，如愤怒、内疚或羞耻、悲伤和麻木。本研究检查了大学生样本中对压力事件的哪些情绪反应与 PTSD 症状的最高水平相关。我们的结果对 DSM-IV 标准提供了混合支持。尽管经历主导恐惧情绪的参与者报告了相对较高的 PTSD 症状，但经历危险、厌恶相关情绪和悲伤的参与者报告了同等严重程度的 PTSD 症状。此外，参与者报告主导情绪为悲伤和其他情绪（包括厌恶、内疚和羞耻）比报告恐惧更为频繁。这些结果质疑诊断标准 A2 的具体内容，并可能具有诊断和治疗意义。
