Nayeem Fatima, Nagamani Manubai, Anderson Karl E, Huang Yafei, Grady James J, Lu Lee-Jane W
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1109, USA.
J Nutr. 2009 Jun;139(6):1135-42. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.103291. Epub 2009 Apr 1.
Reduced levels of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are implicated in the etiology of sex steroid-related pathologies and the metabolic syndrome. Dietary correlates of serum SHBG remain unclear and were studied in a convenient cross-sectional sample of healthy 30- to 40-y-old women (n = 255). By univariate analyses, serum SHBG correlated negatively with several indices of the metabolic syndrome, such as BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference (r = -0.36 to -0.44; P < 0.0001), fasting serum insulin (r = -0.41; P < 0.0001), serum triglycerides (r = -0.27; P < 0.0001), serum glucose (r = -0.23; P < 0.001), and plasma testosterone (r = -0.19; P = 0.002). Serum SHBG correlated positively with serum HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.33; P < 0.0001), plasma progesterone (r = 0.17; P = 0.007), and dietary intake of beta-tocopherol (r = 0.17; P = 0.006), and negatively with that of fructose (r = -0.13; P = 0.04). Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted 12 nutrient factors with eigenvalues > 1.0 from 54 nutrients and vitamins in food records. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the PCA-extracted nutrient factor most heavily loaded with beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid (P = 0.03) was an independent positive predictor of serum SHBG. When individual nutrients were the predictor variables, beta-tocopherol (P = 0.002), but not other tocopherols or fatty acids (including linoleic acid), was an independent positive predictor of serum SHBG. Circulating insulin (P = 0.02) and waist circumference (P = 0.002), but not serum lipids, were negative independent predictors of SHBG in all regression models. Additional studies are needed in women of other age groups and men to determine whether consumption of foods rich in beta-tocopherol and/or linoleic acid may increase serum SHBG concentrations and may thereby decrease the risk for metabolic syndrome and reproductive organ cancer.
循环中的性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）水平降低与性类固醇相关疾病及代谢综合征的病因有关。血清SHBG的饮食相关因素尚不清楚，本研究在一个方便选取的30至40岁健康女性横断面样本（n = 255）中进行了探讨。单因素分析显示，血清SHBG与代谢综合征的多个指标呈负相关，如体重指数（BMI）、腰围、臀围（r = -0.36至-0.44；P < 0.0001）、空腹血清胰岛素（r = -0.41；P < 0.0001）、血清甘油三酯（r = -0.27；P < 0.0001）、血清葡萄糖（r = -0.23；P < 0.001）和血浆睾酮（r = -0.19；P = 0.002）。血清SHBG与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL - 胆固醇）呈正相关（r = 0.33；P < 0.0001）、与血浆孕酮呈正相关（r = 0.17；P = 0.007）、与β - 生育酚的饮食摄入量呈正相关（r = 0.17；P = 0.006），与果糖的饮食摄入量呈负相关（r = -0.13；P = 0.04）。主成分分析（PCA）从食物记录中的54种营养素和维生素中提取了12个特征值大于1.0的营养因子。多变量回归分析表明，PCA提取的、与β - 生育酚和亚油酸负荷最重的营养因子（P = 0.03）是血清SHBG的独立正向预测因子。当个体营养素作为预测变量时，β - 生育酚（P = 0.002），而非其他生育酚或脂肪酸（包括亚油酸），是血清SHBG的独立正向预测因子。在所有回归模型中，循环胰岛素（P = 0.02）和腰围（P = 0.002），而非血脂，是SHBG的负向独立预测因子。还需要在其他年龄组的女性和男性中进行进一步研究，以确定食用富含β - 生育酚和/或亚油酸的食物是否可能增加血清SHBG浓度，从而降低代谢综合征和生殖器官癌症的风险。
