Berretin-Felix Giédre, Machado Wellington Monteiro, Genaro Katia Flores, Nary Filho Hugo
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009 Jan-Feb;24(1):110-7.
To evaluate the effect of oral rehabilitation with immediately loaded fixed implant-supported mandibular prostheses on chewing and swallowing in elderly individuals.
Fifteen completely edentulous patients aged more than 60 years (10 women and five men), wearing removable dentures in both arches, had a mandibular denture replaced by an implant-supported prosthesis. All individuals were evaluated before surgery and again 3, 6, and 18 months later with regard to mastication and swallowing conditions. Examinations entailed an interview, evaluation of tactile sensitivity of the face, and observation of food intake, masticatory type, formations of bolus, and pain during mastication. The swallowing evaluation comprised observation of clinical signs related to the oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing, as well as the presence of oral residue. The findings of different evaluations before and 3, 6, and 18 months after the surgical-prosthetic procedure were statistically compared by analysis of variance for repeated measurements at a significance level of 5%.
The questionnaire revealed a reduction in complaints of masticatory and swallowing disturbances, a decreased need for liquid ingestion, and reduced choking and coughing. Clinical evaluations showed improved oral function and bolus propulsion for both solid and paste-consistency foods; pain during mastication was also resolved.
Treatment with mandibular implant-supported dentures had positive effects on the clinical aspects of mastication and swallowing in elderly individuals.
评估即刻负重的种植体支持下颌修复体进行口腔修复对老年人咀嚼和吞咽功能的影响。
15名年龄超过60岁的全口无牙患者（10名女性和5名男性），双侧牙弓均佩戴可摘义齿，将下颌义齿替换为种植体支持的修复体。所有患者在手术前以及术后3个月、6个月和18个月时均接受咀嚼和吞咽情况评估。检查包括访谈、面部触觉敏感性评估以及对食物摄入、咀嚼类型、食团形成和咀嚼时疼痛情况的观察。吞咽评估包括观察与吞咽口腔期和咽期相关的临床体征以及口腔残留情况。通过重复测量方差分析对手术 - 修复治疗前以及术后3个月、6个月和18个月不同评估结果进行统计学比较，显著性水平为5%。
问卷调查显示咀嚼和吞咽障碍的主诉减少，液体摄入需求降低，呛咳情况减少。临床评估表明，对于质地较硬和糊状食物，口腔功能和食团推进均有所改善；咀嚼时的疼痛也得到缓解。
下颌种植体支持义齿治疗对老年人咀嚼和吞咽的临床状况具有积极影响。
