Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009 Nov;15(9):655-9. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.02.015. Epub 2009 Apr 5.
To determine the prevalence of and the factors associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD) among Filipino patients with schizophrenia admitted at the National Center for Mental Health.
Cross-sectional study.
A total of 227 inpatients fulfilling the DSM-IV TR criteria for schizophrenia participated in the study. Demographic data including age, disease duration and medication intake were obtained. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and Simpson Angus Rating Scale (SARS) were performed on all patients. Odds of developing TD in relation to the different variables were computed. The association between study variables and development of TD was also evaluated using the Chi-square test.
Our cohort of patients had a mean age of 40 (range: 19-73 years old), had a mean disease duration of 6 years, had a daily neuroleptic dose of 700 mg in chlorpromazine equivalent, and had a lifetime neuroleptic exposure of at least 5 years. The prevalence rate of TD was 20.3% (46 out of 227 patients). Fifty-three percent of patients had significant extrapyramidal features (SARS > or =3). TD was noted more in females and older age groups. The other factors associated with TD: were those patients with longer duration of illness and those patients with longer cumulative exposure to neuroleptic drugs. There was no association found with regard to the presence of diabetes mellitus type II, to the use of anticholinergic drugs, to the history of substance abuse and to the history of electroconvulsive therapy.
Despite the predominant use of first-generation antipsychotic agents, the prevalence of TD among Filipino schizophrenic patients is similar to that reported among Asians, but lower than that reported among our Western counterparts. The results may be affected by differences in methodological, racial and genetic determinants.
在菲律宾国家心理健康中心，确定精神分裂症住院患者中迟发性运动障碍（TD）的流行情况及其相关因素。
横断面研究。
共有 227 名符合 DSM-IV-TR 精神分裂症标准的住院患者参与了本研究。获得了人口统计学数据，包括年龄、疾病持续时间和药物摄入。对所有患者进行了异常不自主运动量表（AIMS）和辛普森 Angus评定量表（SARS）检查。计算了出现 TD 的几率与不同变量之间的关系。使用卡方检验评估研究变量与 TD 发展之间的关系。
我们的患者队列平均年龄为 40 岁（范围：19-73 岁），平均病程为 6 年，每日接受相当于氯丙嗪 700mg 的神经阻滞剂治疗，且终生至少接受了 5 年的神经阻滞剂治疗。TD 的患病率为 20.3%（227 例患者中有 46 例）。53%的患者有明显的锥体外系症状（SARS≥3）。TD 更常见于女性和年龄较大的患者。与 TD 相关的其他因素是：病程较长和累积暴露于神经阻滞剂药物时间较长的患者。未发现与 2 型糖尿病、使用抗胆碱能药物、药物滥用史和电惊厥治疗史有关。
尽管主要使用第一代抗精神病药物，但菲律宾精神分裂症患者的 TD 患病率与亚洲报道的患病率相似，但低于西方报道的患病率。结果可能受到方法学、种族和遗传决定因素的差异影响。
