Mancevska S, Bozinovska L, Tecce J, Pluncevik-Gligoroska J, Sivevska-Smilevska E
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2008;109(12):568-72.
To determine the prevalence of depressive and high trait anxiety symptoms and substance use, including alcohol and nicotine, in first-year and second-year medical students in Skopje University Medical School, Republic of Macedonia.
It is important to investigate medical students because they are under significant pressure during early years of medical education, a period during which the attitudes and behaviors of physicians develop.
A cross-sectional survey in classroom settings, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, was performed in 354 participants (181 first-year, 118 females and 63 males and 173 second-year medical students, 116 females and 57 males) aged 18 to 23 years. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) were used to determine depressive and high trait anxiety symptoms. BDI scores 17 or higher were categorized as depressive and TMAS scores 16 or higher as high anxiety symptoms. A Student t-test was used for continuous data analysis.
Out of all participants 10.4% had BDI score 17 or higher and 65.5% had TMAS score 16 or higher. Alcohol was the most frequently used substance in both groups. Smoking prevalence was 25%. Benzodiazepines (diazepam, alprazolam) use was 13.1%. Illicit drug use was rare (1.1% in freshmen and 3.6% in juniors) in both groups.
High frequency of manifest high anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms and benzodiazepine use among Macedonian junior medical students should be taken seriously and a student counseling service offering mental health assistance is necessary (Tab. 3, Ref. 23). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
确定马其顿共和国斯科普里大学医学院一年级和二年级医学生中抑郁和高特质焦虑症状以及物质使用情况，包括酒精和尼古丁的使用情况。
对医学生进行调查很重要，因为他们在医学教育的早期阶段承受着巨大压力，而这一时期是医生态度和行为形成的阶段。
在课堂环境中进行横断面调查，采用匿名自填问卷，对354名年龄在18至23岁的参与者（181名一年级医学生，其中118名女性和63名男性；173名二年级医学生，其中116名女性和57名男性）进行了调查。使用贝克抑郁量表（BDI）和泰勒显性焦虑量表（TMAS）来确定抑郁和高特质焦虑症状。BDI得分17分及以上被归类为抑郁，TMAS得分16分及以上被归类为高焦虑症状。采用学生t检验进行连续数据分析。
在所有参与者中，10.4%的人BDI得分17分及以上，65.5%的人TMAS得分16分及以上。酒精是两组中最常使用的物质。吸烟率为25%。苯二氮䓬类药物（地西泮、阿普唑仑）的使用率为13.1%。两组中非法药物的使用都很少见（一年级学生中为1.1%，二年级学生中为3.6%）。
马其顿低年级医学生中明显的高焦虑症状、抑郁症状和苯二氮䓬类药物使用的高频率应引起重视，有必要提供心理健康援助的学生咨询服务（表3，参考文献23）。全文（免费，PDF）www.bmj.sk 。
