DATAPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 May;164(1-4):369-77. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-0899-4. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
For decades, several native medicinal species have been used by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil to create commercial products. In 1995, the Ministry of Health, following the recommendations of the World Health Organization, established herbal regulations (RDC 17) in order to improve the quality of such products. In fact, only plant species with conclusive results from pharmacological and toxicological studies can be used for creating medicines. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of RDC 17 on the use and conservation of native medicinal plants by comparing the plant material used by six companies in 1995/1996 and 10 years later (2005/2006). Eighty-three different species were used in 1995/1996, 50 of them native (60.2%), 16 exotic (19.3%), and 17 imported (20.5%). In 2005/2006, 44 species were used by the companies and only 19 (43.2%) were native. The category of plant material that saw the largest decrease in use was roots, and in 2005/2006 leaves were more used. The study shows a strong reduction in the collection of native species signalizing the importance of herbal regulations on their conservation. It also points to the need for pharmacological and toxicological studies of the Brazilian native medicinal flora, as well as studies on their ecology and conservation.
几十年来，巴西的制药行业一直使用几种本土药用植物来开发商业产品。1995 年，巴西卫生部根据世界卫生组织的建议，制定了草药法规（RDC 17），以提高这些产品的质量。事实上，只有经过药理学和毒理学研究得出明确结论的植物物种才能用于制造药物。在这项研究中，我们通过比较 1995/1996 年和 10 年后（2005/2006 年）六家公司使用的植物材料，评估了 RDC 17 对本土药用植物的使用和保护的影响。1995/1996 年使用了 83 种不同的物种，其中 50 种是本土的（60.2%），16 种是外来的（19.3%），17 种是进口的（20.5%）。2005/2006 年，这些公司使用了 44 种植物，其中只有 19 种（43.2%）是本土的。使用量下降最大的植物材料类别是根，而在 2005/2006 年，叶片的使用量更多。该研究表明，本土物种的采集量大幅减少，表明草药法规对其保护的重要性。它还指出，有必要对巴西本土药用植物群进行药理学和毒理学研究，以及对其生态和保护进行研究。
