DATAPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico & Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31080-010, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Aug;185(8):7013-23. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3081-y. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
Plants continue to be an important source of new bioactive substances. Brazil is one of the world's mega-diverse countries, with 20 % of the world's flora. However, the accelerated destruction of botanically rich ecosystems has contributed to a gradual loss of native medicinal species. In previous study, we have observed a fast and intensive change in trade of medicinal plants in an area of Amazon, where human occupation took place. In this study, we surveyed 15 public markets in different parts of Brazil in search of samples of 40 plants used in traditional medicine and present in first edition of Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia (FBRAS), published in 1926. Samples of plants commercialized as the same vernacular name as in Pharmacopoeia were acquired and submitted to analysis for authentication. A total of 252 plant samples were purchased, but the laboratory analyses showed that only one-half of the samples (126, 50.2 %) were confirmed as the same plant species so named in FBRAS. The high number of unauthenticated samples demonstrates a loss of knowledge of the original native species. The proximity of the market from areas in which the plant occurs does not guarantee that trade of false samples occurs. The impact of the commerce of the substitute species on their conservation and in public health is worrying. Strategies are necessary to promote the better use and conservation of this rich heritage offered by Brazilian biodiversity.
植物仍然是新生物活性物质的重要来源。巴西是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一，拥有全球 20%的植物物种。然而，由于富含植物的生态系统遭到加速破坏，许多本土药用物种逐渐消失。在之前的研究中，我们观察到在一个有人居住的亚马逊地区，药用植物的贸易正在迅速而密集地发生变化。在这项研究中，我们调查了巴西 15 个不同地区的 15 个公共市场，寻找在 1926 年出版的第一版巴西官方药典（FBRAS）中收录的 40 种用于传统医学的植物样本。购买了以药典中相同的通俗名商业化的植物样本，并对其进行了鉴定分析。共购买了 252 个植物样本，但实验室分析表明，只有一半的样本（126 个，50.2%）被确认为 FBRAS 中同名的同种植物。大量未经鉴定的样本表明，人们对原有本土物种的知识正在流失。市场与植物产地的接近并不能保证虚假样本的交易不会发生。替代物种贸易对其保护和公共卫生的影响令人担忧。有必要采取策略来促进更好地利用和保护巴西生物多样性所提供的这一丰富遗产。
