The extracellular domain of the TGFbeta type II receptor regulates membrane raft partitioning.

Cell-surface TGFbeta (transforming growth factor beta) receptors partition into membrane rafts and the caveolin-positive endocytic compartment by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the determinant in the TGFbeta type II receptor (TbetaRII) that is necessary for membrane raft/caveolar targeting. Using subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy techniques, we demonstrated that the extracellular domain of TbetaRII mediates receptor partitioning into raft and caveolin-positive membrane domains. Pharmacological perturbation of glycosylation using tunicamycin or the mutation of Mgat5 [mannosyl(alpha-1,6)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V] activity interfered with the raft partitioning of TbetaRII. However, this was not due to the glycosylation state of TbetaRII, as a non-glycosylated TbetaRII mutant remained enriched in membrane rafts. This suggested that other cell-surface glycoproteins associate with the extracellular domain of TbetaRII and direct their partitioning in membrane raft domains. To test this we analysed a GMCSF (granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor)-TbetaRII chimaeric receptor, which contains a glycosylated GMCSF extracellular domain fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of TbetaRII. This chimaeric receptor was found to be largely excluded from membrane rafts and caveolin-positive structures. Our results indicate that the extracellular domain of TbetaRII mediates receptor partitioning into membrane rafts and efficient entrance into caveolin-positive endosomes.