Phillips Adrienne A, Justman Jessica E
Department of Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 506 Lenox Avenue, MLK Building 13-101, New York, NY 10037, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2009 May;6(2):83-92. doi: 10.1007/s11904-009-0013-0.
The use of antiretroviral therapy has reduced mortality and shifted the spectrum of malignancies affecting people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). We review guidelines and evidence for screening PLWH for non-AIDS-defining malignancies as compared with the general population. Cervical cancer screening clearly differs for HIV-seropositive women, with two Pap tests 6 months apart in the first year and then annually if normal. The role of cervical human papillomavirus screening has not yet been defined in HIV-seropositive women. Anal cancer screening consists of an annual digital rectal examination, and some (but not all) guidelines also recommend annual anal Pap tests. Screening for breast and colorectal cancer should follow standard, age-appropriate screening recommendations that apply to the general population. Screening HIV-infected men for prostate cancer, as with the general population, lacks a clear benefit. Despite increasing rates of hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancers among PLWH, there is insufficient evidence to support routine screening.
抗逆转录病毒疗法的使用降低了死亡率，并改变了影响艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWH）的恶性肿瘤谱。我们回顾了与普通人群相比，针对PLWH进行非艾滋病定义恶性肿瘤筛查的指南和证据。HIV血清阳性女性的宫颈癌筛查明显不同，第一年需间隔6个月进行两次巴氏试验，若结果正常则之后每年进行一次。宫颈人乳头瘤病毒筛查在HIV血清阳性女性中的作用尚未明确。肛门癌筛查包括每年一次的直肠指检，一些（但并非全部）指南还建议每年进行肛门巴氏试验。乳腺癌和结直肠癌的筛查应遵循适用于普通人群的标准、适合年龄的筛查建议。与普通人群一样，对感染HIV的男性进行前列腺癌筛查尚无明确益处。尽管PLWH中肝细胞癌和肺癌的发病率不断上升，但尚无足够证据支持进行常规筛查。
