Zuidhof M J, Betti M, Korver D R, Hernandez F I L, Schneider B L, Carney V L, Renema R A
Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Research Division, Edmonton T6H 5T6, Alberta, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2009 May;88(5):1108-20. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00171.
Consumer awareness of the health benefits of n-3 fatty acids is growing and is driving consumer demand for enriched food products. Enrichment of meat with n-3 fatty acids is an opportunity for the broiler production sector to add value to their product, but enrichment can increase the cost of production. A study was conducted to determine an optimal production strategy for n-3 enrichment of broiler meat using ground full-fat flaxseed. Low and high levels of dietary flaxseed (10 and 17%, respectively) were fed to broilers for 8 lengths of time (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, or 35 d) before processing at 35 d. Increasing the level or duration decreased feed intake, BW, and the percentage yield of carcass and breast. Flaxseed level and duration of feeding increased feed conversion ratios and the cost of production. Feeding flaxseed at 10 and 17% increased breast n-3 fatty acid levels by 7.65 and 13.70 mg/100 g of meat per day, respectively. In breast meat, the threshold level of 300 mg/g, required in Canada for labeling foods as a source of n-3 fatty acids, was reached at 12.1 and 24.1 d in the high and low flaxseed treatments, respectively. This was due primarily to a tripling of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) levels in the breast meat. Levels of the long-chain n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid increased significantly in the breast meat with increased level and duration of flax feeding, indicating that birds were able to desaturate and elongate alpha-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid. To minimize cost, while achieving adequate breast meat n-3 enrichment, carcass weight, and meat yield, feeding 10% flaxseed for 24.1 d before processing is recommended as an optimal breast meat n-3 enrichment strategy. The optimal thigh meat n-3 enrichment strategy was to feed 10% flaxseed for 4.54 d before processing.
消费者对n-3脂肪酸健康益处的认知正在提高，并推动了对强化食品的消费需求。用n-3脂肪酸强化肉类是肉鸡生产部门为其产品增加价值的一个机会，但强化会增加生产成本。开展了一项研究，以确定使用磨碎的全脂亚麻籽对肉鸡进行n-3强化的最佳生产策略。在35日龄屠宰前，分别以低水平（10%）和高水平（17%）的日粮亚麻籽饲喂肉鸡8个时间段（0、4、8、12、16、20、24或35天）。增加亚麻籽水平或饲喂时间会降低采食量、体重以及胴体和胸肉的产率百分比。亚麻籽水平和饲喂时间会提高饲料转化率和生产成本。饲喂10%和17%的亚麻籽分别使胸肉中n-3脂肪酸水平每天增加7.65和13.70毫克/100克肉。在胸肉中，加拿大将食品标注为n-3脂肪酸来源所需的300毫克/克的阈值水平，在高亚麻籽处理组和低亚麻籽处理组分别在12.1天和24.1天达到。这主要是由于胸肉中α-亚麻酸（18:3n-3）水平增加了两倍。随着亚麻籽饲喂水平和时间的增加，胸肉中长链n-3脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸的水平显著增加，这表明鸡能够将α-亚麻酸去饱和并延长为二十碳五烯酸。为了在实现胸肉n-3充分强化、胴体重量和肉产量的同时将成本降至最低，建议在屠宰前24.1天饲喂10%的亚麻籽作为胸肉n-3强化的最佳策略。大腿肉n-3强化的最佳策略是在屠宰前4.54天饲喂10%的亚麻籽。
