The electrochemistry of carbon nanotubes: fundamentals and applications.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are in the forefront of electrochemical research. It has become clear that an understanding of the fundamental reasons for the electrochemical activity of CNTs is essential for further progress in the field. This review provides a critical discussion of the fundamental reasons behind the electrochemical and "electrocatalytic" activity of CNTs as well as on important applications of CNTs for sensing, biosensing, and energy storage systems.