University of South Carolina, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2009 Aug-Sep;157(8-9):2378-85. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.021. Epub 2009 Apr 10.
Determining sources of neurotoxic metals in rural and urban soils is important for mitigating human exposure. Surface soil from four areas with significant clusters of mental retardation and developmental delay (MR/DD) in children, and one control site were analyzed for nine metals and characterized by soil type, climate, ecological region, land use and industrial facilities using readily available GIS-based data. Kriging, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify commonalities of metal distribution. Three MR/DD areas (one rural and two urban) had similar soil types and significantly higher soil metal concentrations. PCA and CA results suggested that Ba, Be and Mn were consistently from natural sources; Pb and Hg from anthropogenic sources; and As, Cr, Cu, and Ni from both sources. Arsenic had low commonality estimates, was highly associated with a third PCA factor, and had a complex distribution, complicating mitigation strategies to minimize concentrations and exposures.
确定农村和城市土壤中神经毒性金属的来源对于减轻人类暴露非常重要。对四个具有明显儿童智力迟钝和发育迟缓（MR/DD）群体的地区和一个对照点的表层土壤进行了分析，以研究九种金属，并利用现成的基于 GIS 的数据通过土壤类型、气候、生态区、土地利用和工业设施进行了特征描述。克里金插值法、主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析（CA）用于识别金属分布的共性。三个 MR/DD 地区（一个农村地区和两个城市地区）具有相似的土壤类型，土壤金属浓度明显更高。PCA 和 CA 结果表明，Ba、Be 和 Mn 一直来自自然来源；Pb 和 Hg 来自人为来源；而 As、Cr、Cu 和 Ni 则来自两者。砷的共同性估计值较低，与第三个 PCA 因子高度相关，且分布复杂，这使得制定最小化浓度和暴露的缓解策略变得复杂。
