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昆虫的气味结合蛋白基因家族。

The insect SNMP gene family.

作者信息

Vogt Richard G, Miller Natalie E, Litvack Rachel, Fandino Richard A, Sparks Jackson, Staples Jon, Friedman Robert, Dickens Joseph C

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

出版信息

Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Jul;39(7):448-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.03.007. Epub 2009 Apr 11.

Abstract

SNMPs are membrane proteins observed to associate with chemosensory neurons in insects; in Drosophila melanogaster, SNMP1 has been shown to be essential for the detection of the pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (CVA). SNMPs are one of three insect gene clades related to the human fatty acid transporter CD36. We previously characterized the CD36 gene family in 4 insect Orders that effectively cover the Holometabola, or some 80% of known insect species and the 300 million years of evolution since this lineage emerged: Lepidoptera (e.g. Bombyx mori, Antheraea polyphemus, Manduca sexta, Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa armigera, Mamestra brassicae); Diptera (D. melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus); Hymenoptera (Apis mellifera); and Coleoptera (Tribolium castaneum). This previous study suggested a complex topography within the SNMP clade including a strongly supported SNMP1 sub-clade plus additional SNMP genes. To further resolve the SNMP clade here, we used cDNA sequences of SNMP1 and SNMP2 from various Lepidoptera species, D. melanogaster and Ae. aegypti, as well as BAC derived genomic sequences from Ae. aegypti as models for proposing corrected sequences of orthologues in the D. pseudoobscura and An. gambiae genomes, and for identifying orthologues in the B. mori and C. pipiens q. genomes. We then used these sequences to analyze the SNMP clade of the insect CD36 gene family, supporting the existence of two well supported sub-clades, SNMP1 and SNMP2, throughout the dipteran and lepidopteran lineages, and plausibly throughout the Holometabola and across a broad evolutionary time scale. We present indirect evidence based on evolutionary selection (dN/dS) that the dipteran SNMPs are expressed as functional proteins. We observed expansions of the SNMP1 sub-clade in C. pipiens q. and T. castaneum suggesting that the SNMP1s may have an expanded functional role in these species.

摘要

嗅觉神经元膜蛋白(SNMPs)是在昆虫化学感应神经元中发现的膜蛋白;在黑腹果蝇中,已证明嗅觉神经元膜蛋白1(SNMP1)对于检测信息素顺式-醋酸vaccenyl酯(CVA)至关重要。嗅觉神经元膜蛋白是与人类脂肪酸转运蛋白CD36相关的三个昆虫基因分支之一。我们之前对4个昆虫目(有效地涵盖了全变态昆虫,即约80%的已知昆虫物种以及自该谱系出现以来的3亿年进化历程)中的CD36基因家族进行了特征分析:鳞翅目(如家蚕、多音大蚕蛾、烟草天蛾、绿棉铃虫、烟青虫、棉铃虫、甘蓝夜蛾);双翅目(黑腹果蝇、拟暗果蝇、埃及伊蚊、冈比亚按蚊、致倦库蚊);膜翅目(意大利蜜蜂);以及鞘翅目(赤拟谷盗)。此前的这项研究表明,嗅觉神经元膜蛋白分支内具有复杂的拓扑结构,包括一个得到有力支持的嗅觉神经元膜蛋白1亚分支以及其他嗅觉神经元膜蛋白基因。为了在此进一步解析嗅觉神经元膜蛋白分支,我们使用了来自各种鳞翅目物种、黑腹果蝇和埃及伊蚊的嗅觉神经元膜蛋白1和嗅觉神经元膜蛋白2的cDNA序列,以及来自埃及伊蚊的BAC衍生基因组序列作为模型,来推测拟暗果蝇和冈比亚按蚊基因组中直系同源物的校正序列,并在家蚕和致倦库蚊基因组中鉴定直系同源物。然后我们使用这些序列来分析昆虫CD36基因家族的嗅觉神经元膜蛋白分支,支持在双翅目和鳞翅目谱系中,可能在全变态昆虫以及广泛的进化时间尺度上存在两个得到有力支持的亚分支,即嗅觉神经元膜蛋白1和嗅觉神经元膜蛋白2。我们基于进化选择(dN/dS)提供了间接证据,表明双翅目的嗅觉神经元膜蛋白表达为功能性蛋白质。我们观察到致倦库蚊和赤拟谷盗中嗅觉神经元膜蛋白1亚分支的扩增,这表明嗅觉神经元膜蛋白1在这些物种中可能具有扩展的功能作用。

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