Hawke Jesse L, Olson Richard K, Willcut Erik G, Wadsworth Sally J, DeFries John C
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Dyslexia. 2009 Aug;15(3):239-42. doi: 10.1002/dys.389.
The prevalence of reading difficulties is typically higher in males than females in both referred and research-identified samples, and the ratio of males to females is greater in more affected samples. To explore possible gender differences in reading performance, we analysed data from 1133 twin pairs in which at least one member of each pair had a school history of reading problems and from 684 twin pairs from a comparison sample with no reading difficulties. Although the difference between the average scores of males and females in these two samples was very small, the variance of reading performance was significantly greater for males in both groups. We suggest that a greater variance of reading performance measures in males may account at least in part for their higher prevalence of reading difficulties as well as for the higher gender ratios that are observed in more severely impaired samples.
在转诊和研究确定的样本中，阅读困难的患病率通常男性高于女性，且在受影响更严重的样本中，男性与女性的比例更大。为了探究阅读表现中可能存在的性别差异，我们分析了来自1133对双胞胎的数据，其中每对双胞胎中至少有一名成员有阅读问题的学校记录，以及来自684对无阅读困难对照样本的双胞胎的数据。尽管这两个样本中男性和女性的平均分数差异非常小，但两组中男性阅读表现的方差显著更大。我们认为，男性阅读表现测量的更大方差可能至少部分解释了他们阅读困难的较高患病率，以及在受损更严重的样本中观察到的较高性别比。
