Alarcón M, DeFries J C, Fulker D W
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0447, USA.
Behav Genet. 1995 Jan;25(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/BF02197238.
To test the hypothesis that the etiology of individual differences in reading performance differs in males and females, reading performance data from twin pairs tested in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center were fitted to structural equation models of sex limitation. The sample included 513 pairs of twins in which at least one member of each pair has a positive school history of reading problems [228 monozygotic (MZ), 176 same-sex dizygotic (DZ), and 109 opposite-sex DZ pairs] and 302 matched control pairs [148 MZ, 98 same-sex DZ, and 56 opposite-sex DZ pairs]. Estimates of the genetic correlation between performance in males and females were obtained by analysis of data from both same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs (Neale and Cardon, 1992). The full model fit the data well (chi 2 = 17.74, df = 16, p = 0.340), and the resulting genetic parameter estimates were highly similar in males and females in both the proband and the control samples. The correlations between genetic influences in males and females do not differ among groups (change in chi 2 = 0.95, df = 1, p > or = 0.25), and the resulting pooled estimate is about .5. Thus, results of this analysis suggest that the etiology of individual differences in reading performance may differ to some extent in males and females.
为了验证阅读能力个体差异的病因在男性和女性中有所不同这一假设，将科罗拉多学习障碍研究中心测试的双胞胎对的阅读能力数据拟合到性别限制的结构方程模型中。样本包括513对双胞胎，其中每对双胞胎中至少有一名成员有阅读问题的阳性学校史[228对同卵双胞胎（MZ），176对同性异卵双胞胎（DZ），以及109对异性DZ双胞胎]和302对匹配的对照双胞胎[148对MZ，98对同性DZ，以及56对异性DZ双胞胎]。通过对同性和异性双胞胎对的数据进行分析，获得了男性和女性阅读能力之间遗传相关性的估计值（Neale和Cardon，1992）。完整模型对数据拟合良好（卡方 = 17.74，自由度 = 16，p = 0.340），并且在 proband 和对照样本中，男性和女性的遗传参数估计值高度相似。男性和女性遗传影响之间的相关性在各组之间没有差异（卡方变化 = 0.95，自由度 = 1，p≥0.25），所得合并估计值约为0.5。因此，该分析结果表明，阅读能力个体差异的病因在男性和女性中可能在一定程度上有所不同。
