School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Alcohol. 2009 Jun;43(4):305-14. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.02.005. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
Teenagers are more likely than adults to engage in binge drinking and could be more vulnerable to long-term brain changes following alcohol abuse. We investigated the possibility of excessive adolescent drinking in a rodent model in which beer (4.44% ethanol vol/vol) is presented to adult and adolescent male Wistar rats. Experiment 1 tracked ad libitum beer and water consumption in group-housed rats from postnatal day (PND) 28-96. Rats consumed an average of 7.8 g/kg/day of ethanol during adolescence (PND 34-55) and this gradually declined to a lower level of intake in adulthood (PND 56-93) of 3.9 g/kg/day. In Experiment 2, beer was made available to both adolescent (PND 29+) and adult (PND 57+) rats for 2h each day in a custom-built "lickometer" apparatus over 75 days. Access to beer was provided either 1 day out of every 3 ("intermittent" groups) or every day ("daily" groups). Relative to body weight, adolescent rats consumed more beer than adult rats in these limited access sessions. Adolescents with intermittent access consumed more than adolescents with daily access, a "binge"-like effect that was not observed in adult groups and that disappeared in adulthood. After 3 months of daily or intermittent alcohol consumption, the preference for beer versus sucrose was assessed. Rats previously kept under an intermittent schedule displayed a higher preference for beer relative to 3% sucrose, but only when testing occurred after 2 days of abstinence. In Experiment 3, adolescent (PND 30-37) and adult (PND 58-65) rats were given 20-min access to beer and their blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were assessed. Adolescent groups consumed more alcohol than adults and showed higher BACS that were typical of human "binge" drinking (>80 mg/dL). Despite this, the correlation between BAC and beer intake was similar in both age groups. Together these results show that the intermittent presentation of alcohol itself appears to have subtle long-lasting effects on the motivation to consume alcohol. The findings support the use of beer solutions in modeling binge-like patterns of human alcohol consumption in adolescent rats.
青少年比成年人更有可能狂饮，并且在酗酒后更容易出现长期的大脑变化。我们在一种啮齿动物模型中研究了青少年过度饮酒的可能性，在该模型中，给成年和未成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠提供啤酒（4.44%乙醇体积/体积）。实验 1 跟踪了从出生后第 28 天（PND）到第 96 天的群居大鼠的自由饮用啤酒和水的情况。在青春期（PND 34-55），大鼠平均每天摄入 7.8 克/千克乙醇，而在成年期（PND 56-93），摄入量逐渐下降至 3.9 克/千克/天的较低水平。在实验 2 中，在一个定制的“舔管”设备中，每天向青春期（PND 29+）和成年期（PND 57+）大鼠提供 2 小时的啤酒，持续 75 天。每隔一天（“间歇性”组）或每天（“每日”组）提供啤酒。与体重相比，在这些有限的访问会话中，青少年大鼠比成年大鼠消耗更多的啤酒。间歇性摄入的青少年比每日摄入的青少年消耗更多，这种“狂欢”样效应在成年组中没有观察到，并且在成年期消失了。在每天或间歇性饮酒 3 个月后，评估了对啤酒与蔗糖的偏好。以前在间歇性时间表下的大鼠对啤酒相对于 3%蔗糖表现出更高的偏好，但仅在禁欲 2 天后进行测试时才出现这种情况。在实验 3 中，给青春期（PND 30-37）和成年（PND 58-65）大鼠提供 20 分钟的啤酒摄入，并评估其血液酒精浓度（BAC）。青少年组比成年组消耗更多的酒精，并且表现出更高的 BAC，这与人类的“狂欢”饮酒相似（>80mg/dL）。尽管如此，在这两个年龄组中，BAC 与啤酒摄入量之间的相关性是相似的。这些结果表明，酒精的间歇性呈现本身似乎对饮酒的动机产生微妙而持久的影响。这些发现支持在青少年大鼠中使用啤酒溶液来模拟类似狂欢的人类饮酒模式。
