Organista K C, Balls Organista P, García de Alba J E, Castillo Morán M A, Ureta Carrillo L E
School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7400, USA.
J Community Health. 1997 Jun;22(3):185-98. doi: 10.1023/a:1025173008088.
This study reports findings from a survey of condom-related beliefs, behaviors, and perceived social norms in Mexican migrant laborers that live and work in the United States for extended periods of time. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 501 Mexican migrants from five "sending towns" in Jalisco, Mexico, with historically high rates of out-migration to the United States. Results showed that subjects reported few negative beliefs about condom use and high efficacy to use condoms in challenging sexual situations but social norms sanctioning condoms were limited. Results also revealed mixed knowledge of HIV transmission, poor knowledge of condom use, and higher condom use with occasional versus regular sex partners. Forty-four percent of male migrants reported sex with prostitutes while in the U.S., with married men reporting less condoms use with prostitutes than single men. It was concluded that condom promotion efforts with Mexican migrants should concentrate on men to encourage consistent use with occasional sex partners, including prostitutes. AIDS prevention education should be provided with sensitivity to the language needs, limited education, and extreme social and geographic marginality of this highly underresearched Latino population.
本研究报告了一项针对长期在美国生活和工作的墨西哥移民劳工的避孕套相关信念、行为及感知社会规范的调查结果。采用滚雪球抽样法，从墨西哥哈利斯科州五个“输出镇”招募了501名墨西哥移民，这些地区历来向美国的移民率很高。结果表明，受试者对使用避孕套的负面看法较少，且认为在具有挑战性的性行为中使用避孕套效果良好，但认可避孕套的社会规范有限。结果还显示，对艾滋病毒传播的知识掌握不一，对避孕套使用的了解不足，与偶尔性伴侣相比，与固定性伴侣使用避孕套的情况更多。44%的男性移民报告在美国期间与妓女发生过性行为，已婚男性与妓女发生性行为时使用避孕套的情况少于单身男性。研究得出结论，针对墨西哥移民的避孕套推广工作应集中于男性，以鼓励他们在与偶尔性伴侣（包括妓女）发生性行为时持续使用避孕套。开展艾滋病预防教育时应考虑到这一研究严重不足的拉丁裔人群的语言需求、教育程度有限以及极端的社会和地理边缘化状况。
