Feldman Becca S, Zaslavsky Alan M, Ezzati Majid, Peterson Karen E, Mitchell Marc
Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
Stud Fam Plann. 2009 Mar;40(1):51-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2009.00186.x.
Oportunidades, a conditional cash-transfer program instituted in Mexico in 1997, provides cash incentives to mothers to invest in the health and education of family members. Drawing from data gathered by Mexico's National Institute of Public Health, this study assesses the effect of the program on contraceptive use and birth spacing among titulares (female household heads) living in rural areas during the experimental period, 1998-2000, and during 2000-03, after incorporation of the control group. In 2000, titulares were more likely to use modern contraceptives than were women in the control group, although by 2003 all beneficiaries had the same probability of use. Change in autonomy was not a mediator, although baseline autonomy modified the program's influence on contraceptive use. Cox proportional hazard models produced estimates that birth spacing was similar between the beneficiaries and controls. Inconsistent findings may be the result of the way contraceptive use was defined in this study. Findings from this study may be useful for helping program planners better understand the role of conditional cash transfers in modifying family planning and fertility among poor rural women in Latin America.
“机遇”是墨西哥于1997年设立的一项有条件现金转移支付计划，该计划向母亲提供现金奖励，促使她们对家庭成员的健康和教育进行投资。本研究依据墨西哥国家公共卫生研究所收集的数据，评估了该计划在1998 - 2000年实验期以及2000 - 2003年（纳入对照组之后）对农村地区女性户主（即受助家庭中的女性家长）避孕措施使用情况和生育间隔的影响。2000年时，女性户主比对照组女性更有可能使用现代避孕方法，不过到2003年时，所有受益者的使用概率相同。自主性的变化并非一个中介因素，尽管基线自主性改变了该计划对避孕措施使用的影响。考克斯比例风险模型得出的估计结果显示，受益者和对照组在生育间隔方面相似。研究结果不一致可能是由于本研究中对避孕措施使用的定义方式所致。这项研究的结果可能有助于项目规划者更好地理解有条件现金转移支付在改变拉丁美洲贫困农村妇女计划生育和生育情况方面所起的作用。
