Fenchel T, Perry T, Thane A
J Protozool. 1977 Feb;24(1):154-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb05294.x.
Marine, sediment-dwelling ciliates were examined for cytochrome oxidase activity by a cytochemical method and for fine structural details. Species of Plagiopylidae (Trichostomatida), i.e. Plagiopyla frontata, Sonderia vorax and Sonderia sp., and of Heterotrichda, i.e., Parablepharisma pellitum, Parablepharisma sp., Metopus contortus, Metopus vestitus and Caenomorpha capucina; previously considered to be obligate anaerobes because of their sulfide-containing habitat, do not have cytochrome oxidase activity or mitochondria with cristae or tubuli. The evolutionary origin and significance of anaerobic ciliates is discussed. Most of the anaerobic ciliates harbor a flora of ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria as demonstrated by transmission and scanning electron micrographs. It is speculated that the bacteria may utilize the metabolic end products of the protozoa for growth and energy yielding processes. These associations are also compared with other, previously described cases of symbiosis involving prokaryotes and protozoa.
利用细胞化学方法对生活在海洋沉积物中的纤毛虫进行了细胞色素氧化酶活性检测，并观察了其精细结构细节。斜口科（毛口目）的物种，即前口斜口虫、贪食独毛虫和一种独毛虫，以及异毛目的物种，即pellitum拟双膜虫、一种拟双膜虫、扭曲巨口虫、被膜巨口虫和头状海毛虫；由于其含硫化物的栖息地，以前被认为是专性厌氧菌，它们没有细胞色素氧化酶活性，也没有带有嵴或微管的线粒体。本文讨论了厌氧纤毛虫的进化起源和意义。如透射电镜和扫描电镜所示，大多数厌氧纤毛虫都有外共生菌和内共生菌群落。据推测，这些细菌可能利用原生动物的代谢终产物进行生长和能量产生过程。还将这些共生关系与之前描述的其他涉及原核生物和原生动物的共生案例进行了比较。
