Ishii Yoshiharu, Yanagida Toshio
HFSP J. 2007 May;1(1):15-29. doi: 10.2976/1.2723643/10.2976/1. Epub 2007 Apr 18.
Biomolecules dynamically work in cells in which a variety of molecules assemble and interact in unique manner. The molecular mechanisms underlying several biological processes have been elucidated from the results obtained from the descriptions of cell function, from the snapshots of the structures of biomolecules involved in these processes, and from the biochemical properties of these reactions in vitro. Recently developed single molecule measurements have revealed the dynamic properties of the biomolecules that have been hidden in the data that have been averaged over large numbers of molecules in both ensemble measurement and in cells. Single molecule imaging and manipulation of single molecules have allowed the visualization of the dynamic operations of molecular motors, enzymatic reactions, structural dynamics of biomolecules, and cell signaling processes. The results have shown that the single molecule techniques are powerful tools to monitor the dynamic actions of biomolecules and their assemblies. This approach has been applied to a variety of fields within the life sciences. As new information emerges about the dynamic actions of biomolecules using methods of single molecule detection new views on how biological processes work will be revealed.
生物分子在细胞中动态发挥作用，在细胞内，各种分子以独特方式组装并相互作用。从细胞功能描述、这些过程中涉及的生物分子结构快照以及这些反应在体外的生化特性所获得的结果，已经阐明了几个生物学过程的分子机制。最近开发的单分子测量揭示了生物分子的动态特性，这些特性在整体测量和细胞中大量分子平均后的数据中一直被隐藏。单分子成像和单分子操纵使得分子马达的动态运作、酶促反应、生物分子的结构动力学以及细胞信号传导过程得以可视化。结果表明，单分子技术是监测生物分子及其组装体动态作用的有力工具。这种方法已应用于生命科学的各个领域。随着使用单分子检测方法获得的关于生物分子动态作用的新信息不断涌现，生物过程如何运作的新观点将被揭示。
