Grossen B
J Learn Disabil. 1991 Jun-Jul;24(6):343-53. doi: 10.1177/002221949102400603.
It may be possible to teach reasoning strategies to subjects with poor reasoning, including many subjects with learning disabilities (LD), using curriculum designed around a sameness analysis. The higher order thinking skills of analogical and logical reasoning are defined using the sameness analysis methodology. The sameness in the strategy for forming a generalization from experience is called "reasoning by analogy," while the sameness in the strategy for applying generalizations is described by the syllogism (logical reasoning). The research base for effective instruction in analogical and logical reasoning, particularly with subjects with LD, is summarized. The wide applicability of reasoning by analogy and by syllogism as complementary strategies is illustrated through their use in a critical review of the editorial page of a daily newspaper, and in linking content material in several domains.
使用围绕相同性分析设计的课程，有可能向推理能力较差的受试者，包括许多学习障碍（LD）受试者传授推理策略。类比推理和逻辑推理的高阶思维技能是用相同性分析方法来定义的。从经验中形成概括的策略中的相同性被称为“类比推理”，而应用概括的策略中的相同性则由三段论（逻辑推理）来描述。总结了在类比推理和逻辑推理方面有效教学的研究基础，特别是针对学习障碍受试者的研究基础。通过在对一份日报社论版的批判性评论中以及在连接多个领域的内容材料中的应用，说明了类比推理和三段论推理作为互补策略的广泛适用性。
