Conway M J, Meyers C
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
J Dent Res. 2009 Apr;88(4):307-17. doi: 10.1177/0022034509333446.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small dsDNA tumor viruses, which are the etiologic agents of most cervical cancers and are associated with a growing percentage of oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV capsid is non-enveloped, having a T=7 icosahedral symmetry formed via the interaction among 72 pentamers of the major capsid protein, L1. The minor capsid protein L2 associates with L1 pentamers, although it is not known if each L1 pentamer contains a single L2 protein. The HPV life cycle strictly adheres to the host cell differentiation program, and as such, native HPV virions are only produced in vivo or in organotypic "raft" culture. Research producing synthetic papillomavirus particles--such as virus-like particles (VLPs), papillomavirus-based gene transfer vectors, known as pseudovirions (PsV), and papillomavirus genome-containing quasivirions (QV)--has bypassed the need for stratifying and differentiating host tissue in viral assembly and has allowed for the rapid analysis of HPV infectivity pathways, transmission, immunogenicity, and viral structure.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是小型双链DNA肿瘤病毒，是大多数宫颈癌的病原体，并且与越来越多的口咽癌相关。HPV衣壳无包膜，通过主要衣壳蛋白L1的72个五聚体之间的相互作用形成T = 7二十面体对称结构。次要衣壳蛋白L2与L1五聚体结合，尽管尚不清楚每个L1五聚体是否包含单个L2蛋白。HPV生命周期严格遵循宿主细胞分化程序，因此，天然HPV病毒粒子仅在体内或器官型“筏”培养物中产生。生产合成乳头瘤病毒颗粒的研究——如病毒样颗粒（VLP）、基于乳头瘤病毒的基因转移载体（称为假病毒颗粒（PsV））以及含乳头瘤病毒基因组的准病毒颗粒（QV）——绕过了病毒组装过程中对宿主组织进行分层和分化的需求，并使得快速分析HPV感染途径、传播、免疫原性和病毒结构成为可能。
