Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Feb 10;12:814948. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814948. eCollection 2022.
The risk of HIV acquisition is low on a per-contact basis but increased by transmission co-factors such as other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent STI that most individuals will acquire HPV in their lifetime. Current HPV vaccines can prevent newly acquired infections, but are largely ineffective against established HPV, complicating worldwide eradication efforts. In addition to being the causative agent of cervical cancer, accumulating evidence suggests that HPV infection and/or accompanying cervical inflammation increase the risk of HIV infection in men and women. The fact that immunological features observed during HPV infection overlap with cellular and molecular pathways known to enhance HIV susceptibility underscore the potential interplay between these two viral infections that fuel their mutual spread. Here we review current insights into how HPV infection and the generation of anti-HPV immunity contribute to higher HIV transmission rates, and the impact of HPV on mucosal inflammation, immune cell trafficking, and epithelial barrier function.
HIV 感染的风险在单次接触中较低，但会因其他性传播感染（STI）等传播因素而增加。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是一种常见的 STI，大多数人在其一生中都会感染 HPV。目前的 HPV 疫苗可以预防新感染，但对已建立的 HPV 感染效果不大，这使得全球根除 HPV 的努力变得复杂。除了导致宫颈癌外，越来越多的证据表明 HPV 感染和/或伴随的宫颈炎症会增加男性和女性感染 HIV 的风险。在 HPV 感染期间观察到的免疫特征与已知增强 HIV 易感性的细胞和分子途径重叠的事实，强调了这两种病毒感染之间的潜在相互作用，这推动了它们的相互传播。在这里，我们回顾了目前对 HPV 感染和抗 HPV 免疫产生如何导致更高 HIV 传播率的见解，以及 HPV 对黏膜炎症、免疫细胞迁移和上皮屏障功能的影响。
